GROUP 5

KAUR, Jasmit
DUGAN, Jona Marie
PINEDA, Sherlene
PAMINTUAN, Leander

EARTHQUAKE
AND
TSUNAMI

WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?

A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along
geologic faults or by volcanic activity. Also called seism, temblor.

.a series of vibrations induced in the earth's crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of
rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.

BEFORE EARTHQUAKE:
Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a batterypowered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.
Learn first aid.
Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.
Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.
Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll fall during a quake).
Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or
floor.
Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace.

WHEN DO EARTHQUAKE OCCUR?

Earthquakes occur all the time all over the world, both along plate
edges and along faults. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of
the oceanic and continental plates. The earth's crust (the outer
layer of the planet) is made up of several pieces, called plates.

WHAT TO DO?

DURING EARTHQUAKE:
Staycalm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're outside, stay outside.
If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in
a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from
windows and outside doors.
If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that
might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the
building could fall on you).
Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't
mix.
If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake
stops.
Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway).

AFTER EARTHQUAKE:

Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.

Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the
valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors,
leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone).

Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency.

Stay out of damaged buildings.

Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from
cutting your feet.

Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).

Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has
stopped shaking.

Stay away from damaged areas.

If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the
person in charge.

Expect aftershocks

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKES?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground

suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of
energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake.
When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each
other, they stick a little

WHERE DO EARTHQUAKES FORM?

Earthquakes can also occur far from the edges of plates, along
faults. Faults are cracks in the earth where sections of a plate (or
two plates) are moving in different directions. Faults are caused by
all that bumping and sliding the plates do. They are more common
near the edges of the plates.

WHAT IS TSUNAMI?
a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine
landslide, or other disturbance.
an arrival or occurrence of something in overwhelming quantities
or amounts.
"atsunamiofdata pours into the CNBC newsroom every minute
of every trading day"

WHEN DO TSUNAMI HAPPEN?

Tsunamishappenwhenearthquakes,landslidesorvolcanic
eruptionsdisturbtheoceanfloor. Most tsunamis occur when
there are earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries. When the
ocean floor at the boundary rises or falls, it moves the water above
and creates the huge waves that become tsunamis

Tsunamis can wreak havoc on coastal populations and landscapes. The December 26,
2004, tsunami in the Indian Ocean claimed some 150,000 lives and cleared the landscape
on millions of acres of oceanfront terrain. Here are some measures you can take to avoid
trouble if you're caught in a tsunami.

SafetyTips

When in coastal areas, stay alert for tsunami warnings.

Plan an evacuation route that leads to higher ground.

Know the warning signs of a tsunami: rapidly rising or falling coastal waters and rumblings
of an offshore earthquake.

Never stay near shore to watch a tsunami come in.

A tsunami is a series of waves. Do not return to an affected coastal area until authorities
say it is safe.

HOWTOPREPAREFORATSUNAMI
Check your house and land for any potential dangers related to flooding.
Identify any vulnerability and repair it.
Learn how to turn off the gas and electricity in your house. Local
authorities may instruct you to shut these off.
Do not store your important documents in the basement. Keep them at a
higher level, protected from flood damage.
Ensure that your family has an emergency kit and plan.
Ensure the emergency kit is portable, in a back-pack or suitcase with
wheels.

DURING TSUNAMI

Go to higher ground, at least ten metres above sea level, or if possible move
at least one kilometre away from all beaches and the water's edge of
harbours and coastal estuaries.

Take only essential items that you can carry including important papers,
family photographs and medical needs.
It may be in your own interests to walk to safety if possible to avoid traffic
jams.
If you cannot leave the area take shelter in the upper storey of a sturdy brick
or concrete multi-storey building.
Do not go to the coast to watch the tsunami, as there is the possibility of
dangerous, localised land inundation.

Tune into your emergency broadcasters - ABC Local Radio, commercial

radio and designated community radio stations, or SKY NEWS Television

AFTER TSUNAMI
Return home only after local officials tell you it is safe. A tsunami is
a series of waves that may continue for hours. Do not assume that
after one wave the danger is over. The next wave may be larger
than the first one.
Avoid disaster areas. Your presence might interfere with
emergency response operations and put you at further risk from
the residual effects of floods.
Stay away from debris in the water; it may pose a safety hazard to
people or pets.
Check yourself for injuries and get first aid as needed before
helping injured or trapped persons.

If someone needs to be rescued, call professionals with the right equipment

to help. Many people have been killed or injured trying to rescue others.
Help people who require special assistanceinfants, elderly people, those
without transportation, people with access and functional needs and large
families who may need additional help in an emergency situation.
Continue using a NOAA Weather Radio or tuning to a Coast Guard station or
a local radio or television station for the latest updates.
Stay out of any building that has water around it. Tsunami water can cause
floors to crack or walls to collapse.
Use caution when re-entering buildings or homes. Tsunami-driven floodwater
may have damaged buildings where you least expect it. Carefully watch
every step you take.
To avoid injury, wear protective clothing and be cautious when cleaning up.