Sie sind auf Seite 1von 31

Management of Disaster

Victims
G Charles Danie
American Heart Association
Basic Life Support (BLS)
&
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
Instructor
Introduction

• Prevention of Disaster
• Management of affected area
• Management of Victims
Management of Victims

• Principles of First Aid


• Scene Safety
• First aid kits & bandages
• Wounds & bleeding
• Lifting techniques & transportation
• Head injuries & Spinal injuries
• Log roll
Principles of First Aid
• Preserve life - This includes the life of
the casualty, bystander and rescuer.
• Protect the casualty from further harm -
Ensure the scene is safe.
• Provide pain relief - This could include
the use of ice packs or simply applying a
sling.
• Prevent the injury or illness from
becoming worse - Ensure that the
treatment you provide does not make the
condition worse.
• Provide reassurance
Scene Safety
• Awareness of Danger

Environmental danger
Human danger
- as you approach a scene, be aware of the
dangers
which might be posed to you or the victim.
- such as – traffic, gas or chemical leaks, live
electrical items, building on fire or falling objects.
- human factors such as bystanders in the way,
victims not being co-operatives, or aggressor in
the vicinity.
Issues in Providing Care
As most first aid treatment involve touching the
victim,
it is important that the first aider gains their
permission.
During conversation, identify the following points :-
(patient is conscious)
 Who you are
 Why you are with them
 What you are going to do
However assume victim gives their consent in following
cases :-
 Is unconscious.
 Has a very reduced level of consciousness.
- first aiders are never required to place
themselves
in a situation which might put them in danger.

Keep yourself protected – first priority.


be aware of your surrounding and changing situation.

other key dangers – bodily fluids e.g.. blood, vomit,


urine and feces.
remember body fluids can carry infections and
diseases.
Response
• Check the Response
• Tap and Shout “Are You OK”
Help
• Call someone for help
• Local Emergency Number “108”
• Tell them to get “First Aid Kit and AED”

• Patient Conscious or Unconscious


First Aid Kit and
Bandages
Bandages
2-inch roller bandage
Important Tools

• 1-inch roller bandage • Clinical oral
• 1-inch adhesive thermometer
• 3-by-3-inch sterile • Scissors
pads • Tweezers
• Triangular bandage • Sunburn lotion
• Assorted gauze pads
• Small flashlight (with
• Adhesive strips
extra batteries and
bulb)
• Safety pins
• Needles
• Paper cups
First Aid Kit and
Bandages

Saline Masks
Soap Gloves
Antiseptic wipes or spray Gowns
Goggles
Alcohol rub
Plastic tweezers
Thermometer
Antiseptic ointment
Tincture of benzoin
Bandages
Bandages
Wounds & Bleeding
Wounds

Any break in soft tissue of the body that


results in Bleeding.

TYPES:
 Open Wounds
 Close Wounds
Open & Close Wounds

• Open Wound
Break in the outer layer or skin, results
in bleeding & allow Microorganisms
(germs) to enter the body.

• Close Wound
No break in the outer layer of skin.
Amputation
• Loss of a finger, hand, arm, or
leg can be extremely dangerous.
But, if you act quickly, you may
be able to save the victim’s life.
• When part of the body has been
torn off, treat the victim:

• Administer first aid:


Control bleeding, watch for signs of shock, and treat for shock
as necessary.
• Protect Body Part:
 Try to find out the severed part of the body.
 If found, save the tissue parts, wrap it in a plastic bag.
 Put the plastic bag on ice, but don’t freeze.
 Take the part with victim to the Hospital.
 Mention name of victim and time of incident on plastic
bag.
Bleeding (Hemorrhage)

Escape of blood from

an injured vessels.

Severe bleeding is called

HEMORRHAGE.
Control of Bleeding

➜ Apply direct pressure to the


wound (at this time a direct
pressure bandage may be used)
➜ Elevate (do not further harm)

➜ Pressure Point additional pressure


may be applied to a pressure point
to help reduce bleeding.
How to stop a bleed
Place the palm or fingers
over the bleeding point and
apply direct pressure.

• This is one of the most effective ways of stopping severe bleeding in almost
any part of the body.
• Place the palm or fingers over the bleeding point and apply direct pressure.
• The bleeding will usually stop after a while.
• Do not use the method if there is a foreign body in the wound or if a
fracture is suspected.
• With this method, there is also a slight risk of introducing germs into the
wound. To prevent this, place a clean piece of material like lint or gauze over
the wound before applying pressure.
Care

• Wash Hands

• Flush the wound under running water

• Clean / sterile dressing

• Apply & maintain pressure

• Position

• Elevate the affected limb

• Don’t disturb the wound clot


Care (Contd…)

• Expose wound

• Remove foreign body, if visible

• Bandage the wound

• Check circulation below injury

• Do not apply indirect pressure for more than


15 minutes
Lifting and Moving
Patients
Body Mechanics
Safety Precautions
• Using specific
methods to lift large
weights without injury
• Safety Precautions
• Use legs, not back to
lift
•Largest bone/muscle
group
• Keep weight close to
body
•Shifts center of
gravity to patient
•More leverage
Power Lift Power Grip
Techniques
Techniques

LOG ROLL
Stretchers

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen