NON ALCHOLIC PERFUME FROM

KASHMIRI ROSES
Nawab Shabir
Nayab Dutt
Khalid Muzzafar
Zubair Bhat
Ravish Raheja

Introduction
Rose oil 'Attar' is a kind of non-alcoholic perfume made
from oils of flowers and various plants, popularly used
in Middle-East and South Asia. There are only 2000
species among 2.5 lakh species of such plants that can
be used for Perfume making.
The most popular is of course the rose attar made with
rose oil. It's not just used on clothes and on the skin, but
also for aromatherapy - a pleasant and harmless way to
help elevate one's depression or emotional blues.

Scope
1. Less competition.
2. Increasing demand among Muslims population in
India.
3. Increasing disposable income.
4. Rising influence of media(peace TV) on use of non
alcoholic attar.

Total Production in World

The total production of rose oil is approximately 5
metric tons, with Bulgaria and Turkey being the major
producers followed by Morocco, Egypt, China, Russia,
Iran and India. At present, three species of rose are used
for production of rose products of perfumery quality:
Rosa damascena, Rosa centifolia and Rosa gallica .
Bulgarian rose oil distilled from Rosa damascena is
traditionally preferred.

Production In India
1. Today, approximately 2,5003,000 hectares of Indian land
are dedicated to rose cultivation, including Himachal
Pradesh, Kashmir, Pushkar in Rajasthan, Hasayan, Ettah,
Kanuj, Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and some areas in
Punjab.
2. The country produces about 200 kg of rose oil and rose
attars, in addition to a large quantity of rose water.

Production in Kashmir
Rosa damascena, Pilot Plant & Rosa gallica flowers
are harvested once a year, commencing in the second
week of May through early June.
Flowers are picked early in the morning for
maximum recovery of oil.
At present, 1015 kg of rose oil is produced in
Kashmir with the help of the Regional Research
Laboratorys (Srinagar) technical knowledge.
Near about 20 quintals of roses are produced from 1
hectare of land to get 1kg of rose oil.
Market price of 1kg of rose oil is 2.5 lakh.

Industry Analysis
Few players in Indian market
Small sector is dominating the market.
Good profit margin

continue
From last 15 years the growth in demand for
perfumes is phenomenal.
1. 1990-91: 950 tonnes.
2. 2001-02: 12500 tonnes.
3. 2003-04: 50% more growth.
Presently 40,000 tonnes of perfumes are in
demand. In case of attar there has been
400% increase in demand from last decade.

Extraction Process
Oils are extracted from plant substances by several
methods: steam distillation, solvent extraction,
enfleurage, maceration and expression.
Extraction can be classified in alcoholic and non
alcoholic ways.

Alcoholic methods
Under solvent extraction, flowers are put into large
rotating tanks or drums and benzene or a petroleum
ether is poured over the flowers, extracting the
essential oils. The flower parts dissolve in the
solvents and leave a waxy material that contains the
oil, which is then placed in ethyl alcohol. The oil
dissolves in the alcohol and rises. Heat is used to
evaporate the alcohol, which once fully burned off,
leaves a higher concentration of the perfume oil on
the bottom.(will not be used)

During enfleurage, flowers are spread on glass sheets

coated with grease. The glass sheets are placed
between wooden frames in tiers. Then the flowers are
removed by hand and changed until the grease has
absorbed their fragrance(will not be used)
Maceration is similar to enfleurage except that
warmed fats are used to soak up the flower smell. As
in solvent extraction, the grease and fats are dissolved
in alcohol to obtain the essential oils(will not be used)

Non alcoholic methods

In steam distillation, steam is passed through plant material held
in a still, whereby the essential oil turns to gas. This gas is then
passed through tubes, cooled, and liquified. Oils can also be
extracted by boiling plant substances like flower petals in water
instead of steaming them.
Expression is the oldest and least complex method of extraction.
By this process, now used in obtaining citrus oils from the rind,
the fruit or plant is manually or mechanically pressed until all the
oil is squeezed out.(will be preferably used)

Why only Kashmir?

1. Supportive climatic conditions.
2. Pilot plants and Bulgarian rose can be grown only in
Kashmir which are best in quality.
3. Government support like NABARD, J&K bank,
JKEDI.
4. There are opportunities to produce more rose oil as
there are few entrepreneurs.

References
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Perfume.html
http://
www.ehow.com/info_7743468_perfume-market analysis.html#ixzz2
FmONUaCh
http://www.mykashmir.in/floriculture.html