COMMUNICATION

Is a process whereby information is enclosed in a

package and is channeled and imparted by a sender

via some medium.
The receiver then decodes the message and gives the
sender a feedback
Requires :
- a sender
- a message
- an intended recipient

COMMUNICATIVE COMMONALITY
Auditory means :

- Speech

- Song
- Tone of voice
Nonverbal means :
- Body language
- Sign language
- Touch
- Eye contact
Media
:
- Pictures
- Graphics
- Sound
- Writing

COMMUNICATION TRANSFORMED INTO THREE

REVOLUTIONARY STAGES
1st information communication revolution :

the first written communication began, with pictograph

(writings were made on stone)
2nd information communication revolution :writing began to
appear on paper, papyrus, clay, wax, etc. Common alphabets
were introduced
uniformity of language of across large
distances.
Gutenberg printing press
3rd information communication revolution
via
controlled waves and electronic signals.

COMMOM BARRIERS TO SUCCESSFUL

COMMUNICATION
Message overload
Message complexity

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Is the process of communicating through sending and

receiving wordless messages :

- Gesture
- Body language or posture
- Facial expression
- Eye contact
- Object communication :
- clothing
- hairstyles
- architecture
- symbols
- infographics

SPEECH
May contain nonverbal elements = paralanguage
Voice quality

Emotion
Speaking style
Prosodic features : rhythm, intonation,
stress

CATEGORIES
GW. PORTER : divides non-verbal communication
into four categoris
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Physical
Aesthetic
Signs
Symbolic

Physical :
This is the personal type of communication.
Facial expressions
Tone of voice
Sense of touch
Sense of smell
Body motions

Aesthetic
This is the type of communication that takes place through
creative expressions :
Playing instrumental music
Dancing
Painting
Sculpturing

Signs
This is the mechanical type of communication
The use of signal flags
The 21-gun salute
Horns
Sirens

Symbolic
This is the type of communication that makes
use of
religions, status, or eqobuilding symbols

STATIC
* FEATURES
DYNAMIC

Static features

Distance

Orientation :

- Face - to - face
- Side - to - side
- Back - to - back
Cooperating people : are likely to sit side - by- side
Competitors
: face one another
Posture :
Lying down, seated or standing
such posture convey a degree of formality
degree of relaxation

Physical contact

- Shaking hands, touching, holding

- Embracing, pushing, or patting on the back
They reflect an element of intimacy or a feeling (or lack
of) attraction

Dynamic features

Facial expressions

- a smile, frown, raised eyebrow, yawn, sneer

These expressions may be similar across culture
Gestures
- One of the most frequently observed, but least
understood, cues is a hand movement
- Most people use hand movements regularly when
talking e.g. clenched fist
Looking
- Eye contact
- Can convey emotion, signal when to talk or finish
- May suggest either interest or boredom