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Different Types Of
Transformers Used For
210MW Unit Thermal Power
Plant
PRESENTED BY :
VAIBHAV BHOPE PRITAM BIJWAL
SUMIT VINCHURKAR SANTOSH VIJEKAR
NIKHIL WANDHARE NIKHIL SHRIWAS
AKASH SHEGOKAR CHETAN ANGARWAR
VIKASH SINGH AKSHAY SAHARE

Overview
Introduction
Single line diagram
Classification of transformer
Parts of transformer
Cooling system
Protection of Transformer

Transformer is a static device


which transform electric power of
TRANSFORMER

one circuit to another circuit without changing its frequency.

Working Principle of transformer :

Theworking principle of transformerdepends uponFaradays law of


electromagnetic induction. Actually mutual induction between two or more winding is
responsible for transformation action in an electrical transformer.
Faradays laws of Electromagnetic Induction:

According toFaradays law,


Rate of change of flux linkage with respect to
time is directly proportional to the induced EMF
in a conductor or coil".

Single line diagram

Types of Transformers used in


210MW unit
1) Generator Transformer

2) Station Transformer

3) Distribution Transformer

4) Unit auxiliary Transformer

5) Instrument Transformer

6) Rectifier Transformer

7) Neutral ground Transformer


8)Transformer used for general purposes and for different processes.
i ) Welding Transformer
ii ) Specially designed Transformer used for X ray, Radio,
Telecommunication, T.V., High frequency heating, and Industrial
heating for different processes.

GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

Generator Transformer Rating

MVA
= 240 MVA
Primary Side
= 15.75 KV (d)
Secondary Side
= 400 KV (Y)
Oil Qty
= 43 KL
Cooling
= OFWF
Vector Group
= Yd11
%Z
= 11.90

Functions
This is step up transformer
of high voltage
capacity.
This is connected after the generator to step up

voltage from 15.75kv to 400kv.


The main function of this transformer is to step

up voltage so as to reduce transmission losses,


line drop and increases Transmission efficiency .

STATION
TRANSFORMER

Station Transformer Rating


MVA
= 40 MVA
Primary Side
= 220 KV (Y)
Secondary Side
= 6.6 KV (Y)
Oil Qty
= 30 KL
Cooling
= ONAF
Vector Group
= Yy0
%Z
= 11

Functions
Transformer at the generating station is

required for starting of the generating units


when they are either newly constructed or
taken of the bar for overhaul.
These Power transformers are called station

transformer, which receives power from the


grid and feed power-to-power station
distribution system.

UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER

Unit Auxiliary Transformer Rating


MVA
= 20 MVA
Primary Side
= 15.75KV (d)
Secondary Side
= 6.6 KV (Y)
Oil Qty
= 6.4 KL
Cooling
= ONAF
Vector Group
= Dy1
%Z
= 9.0

Functions
The Purpose of Unit auxiliary Transformer is to feed power to

generator auxiliaries of that unit


These transformers are connected to generators and are used
as stepping down transformers. The HV side transformer
voltage corresponds to the voltage of the generating unit and
the LV side voltage is stepped down to 6.6KV
Rated KVA of Unit Auxiliary Transformers is approximately 15%
of the generating rating
Usually these transformers are outdoor transformers
One Unit auxiliary transformer is present for every generating
unit.

RECTIFORMER
A Rectiformer is a rectifier
and transformer designed and
built as a single entity for
converting alternating current
into direct current.
It is piece of power systems
equipment rather than an
electronics component.
Rectiformers are used for
supplying power to different
field of ESP (electrostatic

INSTRUMENT
For meteringTRANSFORMERS
and protection to maintain instrument
accuracy.
For sensing H.T. side current at the secondary side
Used in protection relay, trip coils and pilot wires.
Used in current power measurement, temperature sensing
etc.
Current Transformer (CT)
Potential Transformer (PT)

CURRENT TRANSFROMER

POTENCIAL TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Distribution transformer
This is step down transformer connected

according to applications such as boiler


,turbine , station service board.
The main function of this transformer is to

provide convenient amount of power in the


various boards.

NEUTRAL GROUNDING
TRANSFORMER

NGT
The subject of grounding covers the problems

relating to the conduction of electric current to


the earth and through the ground. The earth
rarely serves as a part of the return circuit,
being used mainly for fixing the potential of
circuit neutrals.
The ground connection improves service

continuity and protects lives and equipment.

Advantages of Neutral
Grounding Transformer
(a) Arcing rounds are reduced or eliminated.
(b) The neutral grounding stabilises the neutral point.
(c) By employing resistance or reactance in earth connection, the earth
fault current can be controlled.
(d) The over voltage surge due to lightening are discharged to earth hence
less damages to the equipment. Useful amount of earth fault current is
required to operate earth fault
relay.
(e) Improved service reliability due to limitation of arcing ground and
prevention of unnecessary tripping of circuit breakers.
(f) Life of eqipment, machines and installation is improved due to
limitation of voltages.
(g) Greater safety to personnel and equipment due to operation of fuses

Constructional Features
Main Tank
Laminated core
Core winding
Bushing
Tap changer
Conservator
Breather
Explosion vent / Pressure relief valve

BREATHER

CONSERVATOR

BUCHHOLZ
RELAY

BUCHHOLZ

RELAY

Explosion Vent /
Pressure Relief
Valve

Oil filled bushings

Arching horns

Lightening Arrestor

Cooling
System

Cooling system is required for transformer to take away the heat


generated in transformer due to losses and maintaining insulation
healthy.
Cooling system of transformer is provided by considering design and
KVA rating of a transformer. Cooling system of transformer is as
follows.
i. Air natural cooling system.
ii. Oil natural cooling system with or without radiator.
iii. Cooling of transformer improved by force airflow by blowers/Air
blast by fans
iv. Oil forced natural cooling system (OFN): - circulation of oil by pump
to radiator, which has natural cooling.
v. OFB : Forced oil circulation of oil by pump to radiator, which has
force, cooled by air blower.
vi. OFW : Forced circulation of Oil through oil cooler and water-cooling
is by water.

Types of Cooling

ONAN

ONAF

OFAF

OFWF

Maintenance
Transformer Oil Level Checking
Breather condition monitoring
Oil testing
D. G. A.
Oil Filtration
Bushing Cleaning
Drying Out (after 7 Yrs)

THANK YOU

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