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25.

01 Q The Three Emperors’ League included all of


the following EXCEPT:

• Britain
• Germany
• Russia
• Austria

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.01 A The Three Emperors’ League included all of
the following EXCEPT:

• Britain
• Germany
• Russia
• Austria

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.01 E EXPLANATION:
The Three Emperors’ League included all of the
following EXCEPT:

1. Britain

Bismarck’s first move was to establish the


Three Emperors’ League in 1873. The
League brought together the three great
conservative empires of Germany,
Austria, and Russia.

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25.02 Q By the early 1880s, Bismarck had succeeded in
isolating:

• Britain
• Russia
• France
• Italy

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25.02 A By the early 1880s, Bismarck had succeeded in
isolating:

• Britain
• Russia
• France
• Italy

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.02 E EXPLANATION:
By the early 1880s, Bismarck had succeeded in
isolating:

3. France

Bismarck’s policy was a complete success.


He was allied with three of the great
powers and friendly with the other,
Great Britain, which held aloof from all
alliances. France was isolated and no
threat.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.03 Q The Triple Entente included all of the following
EXCEPT:

• Germany
• Britain
• France
• Russia

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.03 A The Triple Entente included all of the following
EXCEPT:

• Germany
• Britain
• France
• Russia

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.03 E EXPLANATION:
The Triple Entente included all of the
following EXCEPT:

• Germany

The Triple Entente, an informal, but powerful,


association of Britain, France, and Russia,
ranged against the Triple Alliance.

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.04 Q In 1908, Russia supported the Austrian
annexation of:

• Albania
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbia
• Macedonia

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.04 A In 1908, Russia supported the Austrian
annexation of:

• Albania
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbia
• Macedonia

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.04 E EXPLANATION:
In 1908, Russia supported the Austrian
annexation of:

2. Bosnia and Herzegovina

In 1908, the Austrian and Russian


governments decided to act quickly. They
struck a bargain in which Russia agreed to
support the Austrian annexation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina in return for Austrian backing for
opening the Dardanelles to Russian warships.

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.05 Q World War I was sparked by the assassination
of:

• Otto von Bismarck


• Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Emperor Franz Joseph II
• Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.05 A World War I was sparked by the assassination
of:

• Otto von Bismarck


• Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Emperor Franz Joseph II
• Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.05 E EXPLANATION:
World War I was sparked by the assassination
of:

2. Archduke Francis Ferdinand

On June 28, 1914, a young Serbian nationalist shot


and killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
as they drove in an open car through the Bosnian
capital of Sarajevo. News of the assassination
produced outrage everywhere in Europe except in
Serbia and was one of the final forces before the
outbreak of World War I.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.06 Q The most common explanation of the root causes
of World War I focuses on:

• France’s failure to accept the results of the


Franco-Prussian War
• Britain’s refusal to accept Germany’s navy
• German ambitions for a higher place in the
international order
• Austrian intransigence

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.06 A The most common explanation of the root causes
of World War I focuses on:

• France’s failure to accept the results of the


Franco-Prussian War
• Britain’s refusal to accept Germany’s navy
• German ambitions for a higher place in the
international order
• Austrian intransigence

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.06 E EXPLANATION:
The most common explanation of the root
causes of World War I focuses on:

3. German ambitions for a higher place in the


international order

Although debate on the causes of the war


continues, the most common opinion today is
that German ambitions for a higher place in
the international order under the new kaiser
William II led to a new challenge to the status
quo.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.07 Q Germany’s initial plan for winning World War
I was known as the:

• Grosskrieg Plan
• Siegfried Plan
• Wilhelm Plan
• Schlieffen Plan

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.07 A Germany’s initial plan for winning World War
I was known as the:

• Grosskrieg Plan
• Siegfried Plan
• Wilhelm Plan
• Schlieffen Plan

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.07 E EXPLANATION:
Germany’s initial plan for winning World
War I was known as the:

4. Schlieffen Plan

Germany’s war plan, was based on ideas


developed by Count Alfred von Schlieffen
(1833–1913), chief of the German general
staff from 1891 to 1906.

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25.08 Q Churchill’s plan to knock Turkey out of the
war was spoiled by:

• poor execution
• a lack of support from the navy
• a lack of support from the army
• a lack of caution on the part of the officers
involved

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.08 A Churchill’s plan to knock Turkey out of the
war was spoiled by:

• poor execution
• a lack of support from the navy
• a lack of support from the army
• a lack of caution on the part of the officers
involved

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.08 E EXPLANATION:
Churchill’s plan to knock Turkey out of the
war was spoiled by:

• poor execution

In 1915, the Allies tried to break the deadlock on the western front by
going around it. The idea came chiefly from Winston Churchill
(1874–1965), first lord of the British admiralty. This policy
supposedly would knock Turkey from the war, bring help to the
Balkan front, and ease communications with Russia. The success
of Churchill’s plan depended on timing, speed, and daring
leadership, but all of these were lacking. Worse, the execution of
the attack was inept and overly cautious.

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.09 Q When the tsar abdicated, the Russian
government fell into the hands of:

• reactionary aristocrats
• moderate socialists
• Lenin’s allies in Russia
• the Duma

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.09 A When the tsar abdicated, the Russian
government fell into the hands of:

• reactionary aristocrats
• moderate socialists
• Lenin’s allies in Russia
• the Duma

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.09 E EXPLANATION:
When the tsar abdicated, the Russian
government fell into the hands of:

4. the Duma

In early March 1917, strikes and worker demonstrations


erupted in Petrograd. The ill-disciplined troops in the
city refused to fire on the demonstrators. The tsar
abdicated on March 15. The government of Russia fell
into the hands of members of the Duma, who soon
formed a provisional government composed chiefly of
Constitutional Democrats (Cadets) with Western
sympathies.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.10 Q Lenin made his way into Russia in 1917 with
the help of:

• France
• Spain
• Germany
• Austria

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.10 A Lenin made his way into Russia in 1917 with
the help of:

• France
• Spain
• Germany
• Austria

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.10 E EXPLANATION:
Lenin made his way into Russia in 1917 with
the help of:

3. Germany

The Germans, in their most successful attempt at


subversion, had rushed the Bolshevik leader V. I.
Lenin (1870–1924) in a sealed train from his exile
in Switzerland across Germany to Petrograd.
They hoped he would cause trouble for the
revolutionary government.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.11 Q Russia’s participation in World War I came to
an end with the signing of the Treaty of:

• Brest-Litovsk
• Saint Petersburg
• Moscow
• Berlin

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25.11 A Russia’s participation in World War I came to
an end with the signing of the Treaty of:

• Brest-Litovsk
• Saint Petersburg
• Moscow
• Berlin

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.11 E EXPLANATION:
Russia’s participation in World War I came to
an end with the signing of the Treaty of:

• Brest-Litovsk

The Bolshevik government also took Russia out of the


war, which they believed benefited only capitalism.
They signed an armistice with Germany in December
1917 and in March 1918 accepted the Treaty of Brest-
Litovsk, by which Russia yielded Poland, Finland, the
Baltic states, and Ukraine. The Bolsheviks also agreed
to pay a heavy war indemnity.

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.12 Q Germany’s defeat was made almost certain
when:

• Austria made peace with the Allies


• the United States entered the war
• Italy made peace with the Allies
• Spain entered the war

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.12 A Germany’s defeat was made almost certain
when:

• Austria made peace with the Allies


• the United States entered the war
• Italy made peace with the Allies
• Spain entered the war

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.12 E EXPLANATION:
Germany’s defeat was made almost certain
when:

2. the United States entered the war

In March 1918, the Germans decided to gamble


everything on one last offensive. They had no more
reserves, and the entire nation was exhausted. In
contrast, the arrival of American troops in ever-
increasing numbers bolstered the Allies. An Allied
counteroffensive proved irresistible and the German
high command knew the end was imminent.

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.13 Q After the war ended, large parts of the
Ottoman Empire were placed under the
control of:

• France
• Britain and France
• Britain
• the United States

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.13 A After the war ended, large parts of the
Ottoman Empire were placed under the
control of:

• France
• Britain and France
• Britain
• the United States

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.13 E EXPLANATION:
After the war ended, large parts of the
Ottoman Empire were placed under the
control of:

2. Britain and France

The peace treaty signed in Paris in 1920


between Turkey and the Allies dismembered
the Ottoman Empire, placing large parts of it,
particularly the areas Arabs inhabited, under
the control of Britain and France.
© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.14 Q Wilson’s Fourteen Points set forth the right of
nationalities to:

• economic independence
• fight defensive war
• self-determination
• ethnic purity

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.14 A Wilson’s Fourteen Points set forth the right of
nationalities to:

• economic independence
• fight defensive war
• self-determination
• ethnic purity

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.


25.14 E EXPLANATION:
Wilson’s Fourteen Points set forth the right of
nationalities to:

3. self-determination

The Fourteen Points set forth the right of


nationalities to self-determination as an
absolute value; but in fact no one could draw
the map of Europe to match ethnic groups
perfectly with their homelands.

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

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