Passive Optical

Network
BY

RAMESH YADAV
SENIOR VERIFICATION ENGINEER
CERIUM SYSTEMS

AGENDA

Introduction to PON

Components of PON

Types of PON

Elaboration of types

EPON

GPON

Packet formats

Differences between EPON and GPON

Queries

Fiber To The Premises

We can implement point-to-multipoint topology purely in optics

but we need a fiber (pair) to each end user

requires 2 N optical transceivers

complex and costly to maintain

core

N end
users

access
network

Active Optical Network

Deploy intermediate switches
(active) switch located at curb or in basement
saves space at central office
need 2 N + 2 optical transceivers

core

feeder
fiber
fiber

Passive Optical Network

Implement point-to-multipoint topology purely in optics
avoid costly optic-electronic conversions
use passive splitters no power needed
access
only N+1 optical transceivers (minimum possible) !
network
1:2 passive
splitter
core

N end
users
typically
N=32
feeder
fiber
1:4 passive
splitter

max defined
128

PON advantages
Shared infrastructure translates to lower cost per customer
minimal number of optical transceivers
feeder fiber and transceiver costs divided by N customers
greenfield per-customer cost similar to UTP
Passive splitters translate to lower cost
can be installed anywhere
no power needed
essentially unlimited MTBF
Fiber data-rates can be upgraded as technology improves
initially 155 Mbps
then 622 Mbps
now 1.25 Gbps
soon 2.5 Gbps and higher

Terminology
PON technology has its own terminology
CO Central Office
OLT Optical Line Terminal
ONU Optical Network Units

DS Down stream i.e OLT to ONU

US Up Stream i.e ONU to OLT
NNI
cor
e

downstream
upstrea
m
Optical Distribution
Network

Optical Line
Terminal
Optical Access
Network

splitte
r

Optical Network
Units
UNI
`
Terminal
Equipment

PON Types
Many types of PONs have been defined
APON

ATM PON

BPON

Broadband PON

GPON

Gigabit PON

EPON

Ethernet PON

GEPON

Gigabit Ethernet PON

CPON

CDMA PON

WPON

WDM PON

Ethernet PON
PON Definition
Point to multipoint optical networks
Architecture build up from two elements
An Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at Network Provider's premises
Multiple Optical Network Units at users' premises
Fiber to the home solution (FTTH)
Fiber to the business solution (FTTB)
Fiber to the curb solution (FTTC)
Transmissions occur between OLT and the ONUs
No active elements in signals' path
Employ passive combiners, couplers and splitters only.
Ethernet PON
Data is encapsulated in Ethernet frames
IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet in the first mile