Supervisory Control & Data

Acquisition
Communication Technology

Seriplex FAQ
CAN FAQ
Interbus S FAQ
IBS club
WorldFIP
LON works
Modbus

Which Network Do I Use?

Fieldbus compare
Honeywell
Control competition

Modbus
Interbus S
ASI

Modbus Plus
Profibus

Echelon

CAN

Ethernet

Device Net

Seriplex

SDS

What is a Network ?
A group of devices physically connected together for the
purpose of sharing information, resources and a common
transmission medium.

Why do you need a network?

Control the flow of information
security, accessibility, data control

Centralize resources
save cost on local work stations and peripherals

Simplify data / software management

Backups, IS maintenance
Share information with multiple users

Distribute tasks
reduce local need CPU power

What makes a network work ?

Computers, printers ...
Network interface cards
Network adapter Software drivers
Network Cabling
Network protocols

The Basic Types of Networks

Master / Slave
(Similar to the teacher- student relationship)

Peer to Peer
(Similar to the workgroup concept)
Client / Server
(Similar to an automated teller transaction)

Master / Slave Network

Central Control and Administration
Central Processing of Information
Polling of Stations
Master

Slave

Slave

Slave

Peer To Peer Network

Distributed Administration
Independent Processing of Information
Shared Transmission Medium

Client / Server Network

Central Network Administrator
Controlled Flow of Information
Independent Processing of Information
Shared Transmission Medium

How is a network put together ?

The OSI model uses 7 layers to categorized the main
elements of a basic network

Application
Presentation

Layers Designed
for Data Processing

Session
Transport
Network
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium

Layers Designed
for Communications

OSI Model Layers

A Model is used to ensure Compatibility
Each station utilizes the same Protocol Stack

Application

Application

Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Datalink Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

OSI Model: Flow of Data

Logical Structure
Data Multiplexing

Application

Application

Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Datalink Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Hardware / Software integration

The upper five layers are implemented with software
The lower two layers are implemented with hardware

Application
Presentation

Software Layers

Session
Transport
Network
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium

Hardware Layers

OSI Model vs. Ethernet -TCP/IP

Ethernet does not incorporate all 7 layers because its
development predated the OSI model

Application
Presentation
Session

Application

Transport

Transmission Control

Network

Internet Protocol

Datalink Layer

CSMA - CD

Physical Medium

Twisted Pair/ Fiber Optics

CDMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

OSI Model vs. Field Bus Model

The typical field bus only utilizes 3 layers. The functions
of the other layers are either built into the ASIC chip or the
application layer

Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network

Application

Datalink Layer

ASIC Dependent

Physical Medium

Multiple Mediums

ASIC - Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

What is common to all networks ?

Application message - dependent on software package
The message is created by the application package

Media Access Control

The procedure for sharing the physical medium

Logical Topology
The associations between the devices

Physical Topology
The layout of all the device connections

Transmission Mediums
The physical path used between the devices

Various Transmission Mediums

Coaxial Cable

Jacket of PVC or Teflon

Jacket made of PVC or Teflon

Twisted Pair

Optical Fiber

Wireless

Basic Physical Topologies

Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Free Topology
Hybrid Topology

Bus Architecture Topology

Single Channel - Broadcast oriented
More delicate to maintain signal integrity based on cable
selection, distance and drops/taps

Star Architecture Topology

Central Hub
multi-port repeater
Loose star = lost network

channel selecting switch

Ring Architecture Topology

Each device is a repeater
Loose node= broken ring

Token Ring

Free Topology
Devices are wired in any combination of topologies
Usually requires one terminator

Star

term

Bus

Loop

Hybrid Architecture Topology

Non-rooted Tree Architecture (ex.- Internet)

X25
Phone System

Network Extenders
Repeater and Hub
Bridge
Router
Gateway

Gateway

Repeater and Hub

Bridge

Router

Physical Layer Network Extenders

Repeater or Hub
Active repeaters regenerate the signal (store and forward)
Passive repeater amplifies the signal; adds no latency
Application

Application

Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Datalink Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Data Link Layer Network Extenders

Bridge or Level 2 Switch

Application

Application

Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Datalink Layer

Data Link Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Data Link Layer

Physical Medium

Network Layer Network Extenders

Router or Level 3 Switch
Application

Application

Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network
Network

Network
Network

Datalink Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Data Link Layer

Physical Medium

Data Link Layer

Physical Medium

Application Layer Network Extenders

Gateway

Application
Application

Application
Application

Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Datalink Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Medium

Physical Medium

Logical Terminology & Topologies

Node
Segment / Channel
Subnet
Network
Domain
System

Node

Segment

Segment
Bridge

Subnet

Subnet
Router

Network A

Gateway

Router
Network B

Domain A

Domain B

A Node
A collection of SW objects that communicate over a
network based upon a single hardware ID.
A physical device may contain one or more nodes
Example - a router

Node
Node ID

Parameters

Data

Segment / Channel
One or more nodes electrically connected to a continuous
section of a transmission media
May include the trunk line, drop line, multi-port taps and
other cable components.

Segment
Node

Node

Node

Node

Node

Node

Subnetwork (Subnet)
One or more nodes sharing a common protocol and a
media access arbitration method
May contain multiple segments

Subnet
Segment

Segment
Segment

Network
One or more subnets using a common network level
protocol where each hardware ID is unique on the
network
May contain multiple subnets

Network

Domain
One or more networks where each network has a unique
ID within the domain
May contain a variety of network types connected
together with gateways and routers

Network

Domain

Network

Gateway

Network

Network
Router

System
One or more Domains

System

Domain

Domain
Domain

Basic Media Access Control Methods

Time Division Access
Polled Access
Token Access
Carrier Sense Multiple Access

How will they share the common media ?

NODE #2

Token

NODE #12

NODE #10

NODE #5

Time Division Access

Utilizes a master clock
Each device is assigned a slice of time

Polled Access
Utilizes one device as a master
Other devices a considered slave devices
The master requests information from each slave
The slave responds to the request

Request Frame
Header

Master

Header

Input Data

Response Frame

Trailer

Slave
DP-Slave

Output Data

immediate
response

Trailer

Token Access
Every device is considered equal
A token is used to administer access rights
The token is passed logically among the devices
Requests are initialized when a device possess the token

Message
Token

Message
Token

Message
Token

Message
Token

Token

Message
NODE #2

Token

Message
NODE #12

NODE #10

Token
Token

NODE #5

Token

Carrier Sense Multiple Access

No priority is assigned to the devices
All the devices contend for access
Messages are only sent if the shared media is not in use

Message

Message
NODE #2

Message

Message
Message

Message
Message

Message

Message

Message

Message

NODE #12

NODE #10

NODE #5

Typical Automation Field Bus Model

The typical field bus only utilizes 3 layers. The functions
of the other layers are either built into the ASIC chip or the
application layer
The application layer will characterize the overall function
of the field bus or the network.

Application: message specifications

Various Media Access Methods: ASIC
Dependent
Multiple Mediums & Physical Topologies

Basic Types of Automation Networks

Data Network
Control Network
Device Bus / Field Bus
Sensor / Actuator Bus
Operations Level

Data Network

Management Level
System Level (Cell)
Process Level
Sensor / Actuator
Level

Control Network
Device Bus / Field Bus
Sensor/Actuator Bus

Network Levels - Typical Applications

Level 2: Hosts
Recipe data downloads
Production data uploads
Application programming and
management

Level 1: Control

Host

Level 2
Level 1

Peer to peer data

HMI displays

Level 0.5: I/O

I/O racks and blocks
Intelligent devices
Variable frequency drives
Process valves
Power meters
Complex Sensors

Level 0: Devices
Pushbuttons / Simple sensors

Controller
Peer

HMI

Level 0.5
Intelligent
Devices
Level 0
Pusbutton

Sensor

Network Levels - Transmission Characteristics

Level 2: Hosts
Data: blocks or files
Frequency: seconds to minutes
Distance: LAN / WAN / Internet

Level 1: Control
Data: words or blocks
Frequency: 50 to 500 Milliseconds
Distance: 300m

Level 0.5: I/O

Data: bytes or words
Frequency: 20 to 100 Milliseconds
Distance: 300m

Host

Level 2
Level 1

Controller
Peer

HMI

Level 0.5

Level 0: Devices
Data: bits
Frequency: 5 to 50 Milliseconds
Distance: 30m

Intelligent
Devices
Level 0
Pusbutton

Sensor

Communication Network Levels

Level

Network Name

Information Type

Data Network
Information Level
( Level 2 )

Ethernet TCP/IP
Token ring

Control Network
Word Level
( Level 1 )

Modbus Plus
FIPWay
Device Net
Ethernet TCP/IP

Data Transfer
Program

Remote I/O
Interbus
Profibus DP
DeviceNet
Lonworks
Fip IO

Discrete
Analog
Set Points
Words

Lonworks
Seriplex
ASi

Discrete
Limited Analog

Device / Field Bus

Byte & Word Level
( Level 0.5 )

Sensor/ Actuator Bus

Bit Level
( Level 0 )

* is a trade mark

File Transfers

Automation & Control System Hierarchy

Automation and control systems can incorporate them all

Sensor / Actuator Bus

Sensor Actuator Buses are bit level oriented

Sensor / Actuator Bus

Speed
Nodes
Distance
Message Size
Node Cost
Installed Cost
Physical Size

ASi
5ms
31 nodes
31
100m
4 bits
Low
Low
Small

Seriplex

LONworks

0.7ms
64 nodes
510
1500m
1 bit
Low
Low
Small

16-100 ms
64 nodes
32385
500m
228 bytes
High
High
Large

ASI Communication Network

Master - Slave Network polled media access method
Utilizes a special 2 conductor cable for data and power
Data size - 4 bits
31 maximum slave devices on the bus
ASi power supply

Controller
Network Interface Module

24 V DC

Distribution Module

Pilot
Lights

Valves
I/O Module

Push
Buttons

Actuators

Seriplex Communication Network

Master - slave or peer to peer network type
Time division media access control - 100kHz clock
Special 4 conductor cable - clock, power, data, common
Clock pulse number equals address

24 VDC power
supply

Controller / Network Interface Module

Valves

Push
Buttons

Pilot
Lights

Actuators

Device / Field Bus

Device Buses incorporate intelligent devices

Device / Field Bus

Interbus S Device Net Profibus-DP

(CAN)
Speed
Nodes
Max nodes
Distance
Message Size
Node Cost
Installed Cost
Physical Size

4 ms
256 nodes
N/A
13km
Medium
Low
Medium

10-52 ms
64 nodes
64
250m
8 bytes
Medium
High
Medium

10 ms
32 nodes
32
1200m
246 bytes
Medium
High
Large

Interbus Network
Many third party suppliers
Loss of device or connection
disables complete system
Large physical topology 12km
Price competitive

Quantum Controller

PC based Operator
Control Station

Compact 984
I/O Modules

BDEA 202
Interface

NOA 611
Interface

Third Party Products

Terminal I/O Modules

T/C, RTD, Servo, Barcode, RF Tag

 Strong points

InterBus-S

High performance I/O

exchanges, deterministic
protocol
Approx. 7 ms for 128
devices with 32 I/O
(2048 input bits, 2048
output bits)
Built-in reflex functions

Standardized profiles ,
interoperability, unique
installation tool : CMD
tool, product catalogue
Different physical layers
(loop sensor )
Activation / deactivation
segment
Fault localization

Weak points

Low performance message

handling

Adapted to parameter
setting only. 1 to 8 words
per device and per bus
cycle
No slave to slave
communication

No diffusion (variable or
message handling)
One level of priority for cyclic
variables
No downgrade mode

The bus stops in the event

of a fault on the device
When the bus restarts,
the following devices
cannot be accessed

DIN standard

Similar to Phoenix Contact

strategy (components,
policies, etc)

DeviceNet Communication Network

Limited physical topology 500m

Controller / Network Interface

24 VDC power
supply

M O D IC O N

Valves

I/O Module

Push
Buttons

I/O Module

Actuators

Drives

ProfiBus DP Network
Large physical topology 24km Difficult to configure and
(fiber)
maintain; needs multiple
software pieces

Controller / Network
Interface Module

Computer / Network
Interface Module

Controller / Network
Interface Module

up to 1200m distance
Direct connection
to third party products

Terminal I/O Modules

LONWorks Communication Network

Free topology and highly
flexible
Large number of nodes
32000/domain

Slower cycle times

Programmable
Controller

M O D IC O N

Computer

M O D IC O N

I/O Modules
Lighting Assemblies

Switch

Photo Sensor

Control Networks
Control Networks require critical performance

Control Networks

Speed
Nodes
Distance
Message Size
Node Cost
Installed Cost
Physical Size

Modbus Plus
20k reg/sec
64
13km
100 registers
Medium
Low
Medium

FIPWAY
10-80 ms
32
1000m
128 bytes
Medium
High
Large

Modbus Plus Network

Quantum Controller

984 Controller

Operator Control
Station
Compact 984
Controller

ModConnect

Third Party
Products

Terminal I/O Modules

Modbus Plus excellent performance

Predictable performance
As fast as hardwired I/O
Typical token rotation time
of 2 milliseconds per node
Maximum network
throughput of 20,000
registers/Sec

Data Networks
Data Networks extend the information capabilities

Data Networks

Ethernet
Nodes
Max Nodes
Distance
Message Size
Node Cost
Installed Cost
Physical Size

8 - 24 nodes/hub
Unlimited
100 m (node to hub)
Unlimited
Low
Depends on Extent of Network
World Wide

Ethernet Data Network

Laptop

Hub
10Base-T

Offices

Ethernet Backbone
Hub

Plant
Floor

10Base-T
Quantum
Ethernet

Quantum
Ethernet

Important Application Information

Number of nodes (I/O points) required.
Distance between I/O points.
Overall network distance.
Data throughput required.
Preferred PLC Controllers being utilized
Bit level traffic quantity
Word level traffic quantity
Preferred Media (coax, fiber, twisted pair,..)
Maintenance preferences
Greenfield installation
Installed base
Preferred vender list