GSM Paging: Affecting Factors Check Methods and Tools Deliverables

Security Level:
GSM Paging
Affecting Factors
Check Methods and Tools
Deliverables
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Topics in This Document

Topic
Paging
Description
Factors affecting GSM paging success rate
Eight required actions to handle paging problems
Eliminating factors causing GSM paging failures using top problem method and
root cause method
Required documents for submitting a paging problem, including a conclusion
made by using these two methods
Examples used here are typical.
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Page 2
Change History
Date
2011-12-31
2012-10-30
Version
2011/12
2012/10
Description
Reviewer
Author
1. Initial issue after

review
Caofei, Chen Ruiqun, Li Yugang,

Liu Kuan, Ni Hongxiang, Xu
Binbin, Xun Lijun, Zhu Kan, Zhang
Liang, Du Jian, Wang Zhicheng,
and Qi Haofeng
Shen
Jian,
Wang Lu
1. Paging section
updated
Caofei, Liu Kuan, Ni Hongxiang,

Xu Binbin, Xun Lijun, Zhu Kan,
Zhang Liang, Du Jian, Wang
Zhicheng, Qi Haofeng, Feng
Zhenyan, Chen Jing, and Zhao
Jinjin
Shen
Jian,
Zhou
Dong
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 3
Technical Support
We provide 7x24 training services.
The following table lists engineers formulating this document:
Topic
Paging
Name
ID
Shen Jian
126759
Wang Lu
165414
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Page 4
Definition and Measurement Point of Paging Success Rate

General Method for Locating Problems Related to
Paging Success Rate
Method for Optimizing Paging Success Rate
Cases
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Page 5
Definition of Paging Success Rate

The paging success rate is a counter on the core network. Therefore, this counter
cannot be obtained from the BSS, and must be obtained from the core network. The
measurement object of this counter is LAC. The specific definition is as follows:
Paging success rate = (First paging response times on interface A + Repeated
paging response times on interface A) /First paging request times on interface A
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Measurement Point of Paging Success Rate

The measurement statistics of paging success rate is measured on the core network. The
following figure shows the paging process and measurement point on the BSS.
A: Paging request times

B: Paging response times
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General Method for Locating Problems Related to Paging
Success Rate
Cases
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Classification of Paging Success Rate

Problems
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Solution of PSR optimization
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Process of Handling Paging Success Rate

Problems
According to the traffic statistics analysis of the paging
success rate on the core network, locate the faulty LAC
and the corresponding BSC.
According to the preliminary analysis of the faulty LAC,

determine main factors affecting the paging.
LAC1: cell out of service
Perform the hardware and

transmission fault
troubleshooting according
to the troubleshooting
guide.
LAC2: paging overload
Solve the paging overload

problem by adjusting the
parameter or LAC.
LAC3: a large number of poor

coverage areas
Perform the following operations

to solve the coverage problem:
Locate the problem point by
drive test, adjust the antenna,
and add BTSs.
The common paging overload is

BTS
BTS overload,
overload, that
that is,
is, the
the Um
Um
interface
interface overload.
overload. In
In the
the case
case of
of
parameter adjustment, add the
extended
extended BCCH
BCCH to
to solve
solve the
the Um
Um
interface capacity problem.
LAC4: improper parameter

settings
HUAWEI Confidential
Focus
Focus on
on engineering
engineering adjustments
adjustments
and
and constructions
constructions with
with
supplemented
supplemented parameter
parameter
optimization. In the case of
parameter
parameter adjustment,
adjustment, adjust
adjust the
the
access parameters to reduce the
access restrictions.
Page 11
Modify the improper

parameters.

Paging Success Rate
Cases
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Checking PagingRelated Parameters - NSS

Pagingrelated parameters on the NSS
are as follows:
Office
SZS14
BSC
SW02A
BSC OPC
2739
LAC
46000255E
Paging Type =
Priority =
Paging times
Paging duration
TMSI/IMSI flag
All RAN paging flag
Implicit IMSI detach timer (min)
Paging
policy
Support pre-paging
First paging duration =
Second paging duration =
Third paging duration =
Fourth paging duration =
Fifth paging duration =
TMSI/IMSI flag =
Support release before pick-up
The table on the right lists the parameter

configuration of a certain office.
All priorities
Paging times =
Support location update and optimization

Paging optimization control
All paging types
Using TMSI for the first paging
Using IMSI for the second paging
Using TMSI for the third paging
Using TMSI for the fourth paging
Using TMSI for the fifth paging
All RAN paging flag =
The first paging delivered only to the current LAI
The second paging delivered only to the current LAI
The third paging delivered only to the current LAI
The fourth paging delivered only to the current LAI
The fifth paging delivered only to the current LAI
Implicit IMSI detach timer (min)
66
Support pre-paging
No
Support location update and

optimization
Yes
Support release before pick-up
HUAWEI Confidential
Yes
Page 13
Adjustment Policy of PagingRelated Parameters - NSS

Parameter ID
MO
Parameter Name
Version
Adjustment Policy
Priority
LOCUPDT
MOD VLRCFG
Implicit IMSI detach

timer (min)
It specifies the time interval when the VLR sets the mobile subscribers to be in IMSI detach state. The unit is minute. The value of the parameter ranges from 1 to
10080. Implicit IMSI detach is originated by networks and explicit IMSI detach is originated by mobile stations. The value of the parameter should be greater than
the time interval of periodic subscriber location update configured on the BSC.
PTMR
MOD VLRCFG
Subscriber purge timer

(hr)
It specifies the time period before the MSOFTX3000 (VLR) removes or marks the data of inactive mobile subscribers. The unit is hour. The value of the parameter
ranges from 1 to 720. The value of the parameter should be greater than the time interval of periodic subscriber location update configured on the BSC. Generally,
the value of this parameter is 24.
FIRSTD
MOD PGCTRL
First paging duration
The parameter is set to a value greater than the BTS paging lifetime on the BSS. If the value is smaller than the BTS paging lifetime, the MSC delivers the second
paging before the BTS delivers the paging in the paging process. This will increase load of the paging channel. (Refer to Case 1).
SECONDD
MOD PGCTRL
Second paging
duration
THIRDD
MOD PGCTRL
Third paging duration
FOURTHD
MOD PGCTRL
Fourth paging duration
FIFTHD
MOD PGCTRL
Fifth paging duration
TIMES
MOD PGCTRL
Paging times
It specifies the maximum number of paging times during a paging process. The value range is 1 to 5. A complete paging process refers to the process from
initiating the paging to receiving the paging response or paging failure message.
During a paging process, the maximum duration from initiating the paging to receiving the paging response or paging failure message is 20 seconds by default.
When you set parameters, the summation of the valid duration values should be no more than 20 seconds. For example, if you set Paging times to 3, the
summation of values of First paging duration, Second paging duration, and Third paging duration should be no more than 20 seconds. If you set both First paging
duration and Second paging duration to 10, the system does not initiate the third paging regardless of the value of Third paging duration. Other cases are deduced
in the same way. Two or three of them are required on the live network.
ALLRAN
MOD PGCTRL
All RAN paging flag
It indicates whether the MSOFTX3000 sends paging messages to the specific location area or all the location areas served by the MSC. Enabling the pool-wide
paging may have adverse impacts on the network. Therefore, you are advised to disable pool-wide paging. In a small scale network, the pool-wide paging can be
used to improve the paging success rate under the condition that no paging overload occurs on the BSS.
IMSI
MOD PGCTRL
TMSI/IMSI flag
It specifies whether the TMSI is contained in the paging messages sent by the MSOFTX3000 to the BSC or RNC. The default value is all empty, indicating that
TMSI is used every time.
If the Paging message sent from the MSC to the BSC contains only the IMSI of the MS, the BTS uses the IMSI in the paging message transmitted through the Um
interface. If the MSC sends a Paging message that carries the IMSI and TMSI of the MS to the BSC, the BTS uses the TMSI in the paging message transmitted
through the Um interface.
The IMSI paging can be used to improve the paging success rate under the condition that no paging overload occurs on the BSS.
PTPS
MOD BSC
BSC Paging Threshold

per Second
It specifies the maximum paging times per second of a BSC. Its value ranges from 10 to 200. By default, the value is 65535, indicating that the MSOFTX3000 does
not perform paging flow control on this BSC. If the value is set to be too small, the MSOFTX3000 performs paging flow control on this BSC.
Support pre-paging
If the value of bit4 of P140 is set to 1, the pre-paging is enabled. If the value of bit4 of P140 is set to 0, the pre-paging is disabled. Pre-paging can improve the
efficiency of the incoming call, and shorten the call delay. However, the occupied duration of the SDCCH increases. If the configuration is improper, the congestion
may occur. As a result, the paging success rate decreases.
Support location
update and
optimization
If the value of bit1 of P1100 is set to 0, the optimization is enabled. If the value of bit1 of P1100 is set to 1, the optimization is disabled. The default value is 1.
Enabling this function can improve the paging success rate. After the function is enabled, the system effectively makes response to paging in the case of MS
location update.
Support release before

pick-up
If the value of bit15 of P166 is set to 0, the function is enabled. If the value of bit15 of P166 is set to 1, the function is disabled. The default value is 1. This bit is
used to control whether to make statistics of the PAGING RESP message in the case of early release. If this function is enabled, the paging response times
increases in the case of the early release of the calling party. In this way, the paging success rate increases.
Paging optimization
control
If the value of the bit8 of P164 is set to 0, it indicates that the actual number of paging times is equal to the value of the paging times. If the value is set to 1, it
indicates that the actual number of paging times is equal to the value of the paging times subtracted by 1. If the value of the paging times is 1, there is only one
paging. The default value is 1. If the called party has no paging response in a certain call, the number of paging times is controlled by this parameter in the next
call of this called party. The number of paging times is recovered to the original value when the called party has a paging response. This function is enabled to
reduce times of delivering paging commands by the system when the called party cannot make a response to the paging.
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Adjustment Policy of PagingRelated Parameters - BSS

Parameter ID
MO
Parameter Name
Version
(R11/R12/R13/R14)
Adjustment Policy
Positive Impact
Negative Impact
Priority
CHTYPE
GTRXCHAN
Channel Type
R11, R12, R13, R14
If paging overload of a certain cell is serious, you can configure the extended BCCH to
increase paging capacity. Set TS2 of BCCH TRX to BCH. If more BCHs need to be
configured, you can set TS4 and TS6 of BCCH TRX to BCH.
Paging capacity expansion of

the Um interface can release
paging overload of the Um
interface.
Decrease of other channels may

cause congestion of the SD or the
TCH.
BSAGBLKSRES
GCELLIDLE
BASIC
CCCH Blocks
Reserved for AGCH
R11, R12, R13, R14
Huawei BTSs support the delivery priority of the immediate assignment messages.
Therefore, the recommended value of this parameter is 1. As a result, more PCHs are
reserved for the paging messages in the case of no immediate assignment messages.
This increases paging channels

and reduces paging overload
probability.
N/A
BSPAMFRAMS
GCELLIDLE
BASIC
Multi-Frames in a
Cycle on the Paging
CH
R11, R12, R13, R14
The recommended value of this parameter is 2.
This has positive impacts on the

delivery delay of the paging and
the success rate.
N/A
RANERRTHRED
GCELLCCA
CCESS
Random Access
Error Threshold
R11, R12, R13, R14
The parameter is set to a small value to improve the paging success rate. However, this
may affect the immediate assignment success rate and the congestion rate. Both the
positive impacts and negative impacts must be considered.
The paging success rate is

improved.
The immediate assignment

success rate and the congestion
rate are affected.
RACHACCLEV
GCELLCCA
CCESS
CS RACH Min.
Access Level
R11, R12, R13, R14
RACHACCLEV and RACHACCLEVOFFSET determine the CS RACH minimum access

level. The value of RACHACCLEVOFFSET ranges from 0 to 15. The value 0-14 is
corresponding to -8 dB to 6 dB respectively. The default value 15 is corresponding to 0
dB. CS RACH Min. Access Level Offset is set to a small value to improve the paging
success rate. However, this may affect the immediate assignment success rate and the
call drop rate. Both the positive impacts and negative impacts must be considered.
(Refer to Case 2 and 3)

improved.

success rate and the call drop
rate are affected.
RACHACCLEVO
FFSET
GCELLSOFT
CS RACH Min.
Access Level Offset
R11, R12, R13, R14
RXMIN
GCELLBASI
CPARA
Minimum Access
RXLEV
R11, R12, R13, R14
The parameter is set to a small value to improve the paging success rate. However, this
may affect the immediate assignment success rate, the call drop rate, and the
congestion rate. Both the positive impacts and negative impacts must be considered.

improved.

success rate, the call drop rate
and the congestion rate are
affected.
PAGTIMES
GCELLCCBA
Paging Times
SIC
R11, R12, R13, R14
On the condition that no paging overload occurs in cells, the parameter is set to a large
value to improve the paging success rate. The recommended value is 4.
In the case of non-overload of

the paging, setting of the
parameter to a large value can
improve the paging success rate.
In the case of paging overload,

setting of the parameter to a large
value has negative impacts on the L
paging success rate.
MSMAXRETRAN
GCELLCCBA
MS MAX Retrans
SIC
R11, R12, R13, R14
On the condition that RACH overload does not occur in cells, the parameter is set to a
large value to improve the paging success rate.
In the case of non-overload of

the RACH, setting of the
parameter to a large value can
improve the paging success rate.
In the case of overload of the

RACH, setting of the parameter to
a large value has negative
impacts on the paging success
rate.
SDDYN
GCELLBASI
CPARA
SDCCH Dynamic
Allocation Allowed
R11, R12, R13, R14
This parameter can be used to improve the low paging success rate due to SDCCH
congestion.

improved.
N/A
T3212
GCELLIDLE
BASIC
T3212
R11, R12, R13, R14
This parameter is set with the consideration of the implicit IMSI detach timer on the core
network side. The value of the timer on the BSS must be smaller than the value of the
timer on the NSS. In addition, value of the timer of the cells in the same LAC needs to
be set to the same value.

improved.
N/A
ACOOPERATPA
GINGSWITCH
BSCPSSOFT A Interface Paging

PARA
Co-ordination Switch
R11
You are advised to turn on the two switches at the same time. In this way, the BSC with
the built-in PCU can make response to CS paging of MSs when MSs implement PS
services. The paging success rate is improved. The A interface paging co-ordination
switch is deleted in versions later than R12 and only the BSS paging co-ordination
switch is reserved.

improved.
N/A
BSSPAGINGCO
ORDINATION
GCELLPSBA
SE
R11, R12, R13, R14
R11, R12, R13, R14
The value of the BTS software parameter 29 ranges from 0 to 255. The unit is 250 ms.
By default, the value is 255, corresponding to 5s. When setting this parameter, consider
the coordination with the first paging duration of the parameter on the core network. If
this value needs to be smaller than the first paging duration on the core network,
preferentially set the first paging duration on the core network to a large value.

improved.
N/A
29
GCELLBTSS
OFT
BSS Paging Coordination
BTS Paging Lifetime
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Analyzing Paging Delay Distribution

Prerequisite
You can obtain the tool at the following website:
http://support.huawei.com/support/pages/editionctrl/catalog/ShowSoftDetail.
do?
actionFlag=displaySoftInfo&node_id=000001505811&web_doc_id=SW0000
405465&colID=ROOTWEB|CO0000000065
The Trace Analyzer on the core network

must be based on Huawei MSC.
Principle
The Trace Analyzer on the core network exports the delay
statistics according to the A interface signaling, and the
setting of paging strategy parameters on the core network
can be optimized. The principle is as follows:
The sum of n times paging intervals on the core network
must be larger than the most paging response delay (for

example, 97%-98%).
For the network in which the Um interface delivery capability
becomes a bottleneck, the increase of the paging interval can

reduce the repeated paging delivery. In this way, the impact
of repeat paging delivery on the Um interface can be
reduced.
Note: This is a part of the parameter optimization, which
serves as a reference for the paging duration optimization.
For details, see Case 4 Core Network Tool Application.
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Page 16
Troubleshooting Paging Overload - BSC Discard

Impact
The paging volume exceeds the processing capability of the BSC. As a result, the BSC discards
the paging.
Check Method
BSC6000 check method (taking the CS paging as an example)
A0300 + A0301 > A032, or A032 > A330 (averaging the counters of cells in the same LAC and
taking the sum of the averaged counters of several LACs)
BSC6900 check method (taking the CS paging as an example)
A0300 + A0301 > A330 (averaging the counters of cells in the same LAC and taking the sum of
the averaged counters of several LACs)
BTS Adjustment
Guide
Solution
1.The CPU load is heavy on the XPU board. If the value exceeds 85% of the standard load, the
flow control starts. You are advised to adjust the BTS to balance the CPU usage.
2.Increase Max CS Paging Message Num in Period and Max PS Paging Message Num in
Period. For details, see Case 5 BSC Discard.
3.The LAC is incorrectly configured on the core network. As a result, the paging messages are
incorrectly delivered to this LAC. You are advised to check the configuration of the core network.
4.Perform the BSC capacity expansion and reduce the number of local areas in the BSC.
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Troubleshooting Paging Overload LAPD Discard

Impact
The LAPD link between the BSC and BTS is congested or unavailable. As a result, the paging
message is discarded.
Check Method
A531: CS Pagings Discarded on LAPD Link > 0
A532: PS Pagings Discarded on LAPD Link > 0
In R11 and R12, these two

counters are the internal
counters which cannot be
queried by PRS. In addition,
the two counters can be
exported by using the OMstar
or performance browse tool.
Solution
1.Enable the Cell Paging Package Switch (for the BTS version support, see "Paging Problems" on
Slide 28).
2.When the delay of the Abis transmission is large, change RSL LAPD Window Size from 4 to 8.
3.For the large paging volume cell, change Multiplexing Mode of the corresponding site to 2:1 or
1:1. If this configuration cannot be performed successfully due to deficient transmission resource,
you are advised to perform the transmission capacity expansion for the Abis interface.
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Troubleshooting Paging Overload BTS

Discard
Impact
There are too many paging messages. They exceed the paging message transmitting threshold of
the Um interface on the BTS. As a result, the BTS discards the paging message.
Check Method
A337: Number of Deletions of the Paging for CS Services on the PCH >> 0, or A338: Number of
Expiries of the Paging for CS Services on the PCH >> 0
A339: Number of Deletions of the Paging for PS Services on the PCH >> 0, or A340: Number of
Expiries of the Paging for PS Services on the PCH >> 0
For the Huawei network, the common paging processing capability of the Um interface is 200,000
times/hour (according to different traffic models, this value may be different). If the value exceeds
200,000 times/hour, check the paging overload condition immediately.
Solution
1.Configure the extended BCCH. For details, see Case 6 BTS Discard.
2.Split the LAC area.
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Um Interface
Paging Capability Estimatio
Troubleshooting Paging Overload - SDCCH

Congestion
Impact
The paging has no response due to the SDCCH congestion.
Check Method
ZTR103A: Congestion Rate on SDCCH per BSC
ZK3001: Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH per BSC
The preceding two counters are large.
Solution
1.Filter the top N cells with continuous congestion according to the cell-level counter RR370
Congestion Rate on SDCCH per CELL (due to Busy).
2.Add static SDCCHs to handle the SDCCH congestion.
3.Expand the capacity of the TRX board and configure the SDCCH.
4.In versions later than R13, configure Num of TSs Convertible to SDCCHs per TRX to reduce
the SDCCH congestion.
5.For the SDCCH congestion caused by a large number of location updates, the LAC border
adjustment must be considered, instead of only adding SDCCHs.
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Planning the LAC

Principle
In the process of dividing location areas, enlarge the LAC range to reduce the number of LACs
under the prerequisite that the paging overload does not occur. In this way, the times of location
updates can be minimized, and the decrease of unnecessary location update has a positive
impact on the paging success rate.
LAC Area Assessment

1. Capacity:
In the case of no extended BCCH, the paging load capability of a location area is 50 times/s
(the peak of the paging volume cannot exceed this value in the LAC).
In the case of extended BCCHs, the paging load capability of a location area can be calculated
as follows: 50 times/s x (1 + Number of extended BCCHs).
Reduce the number of LACs if only the capacity requirement can be met.
2. Border reasonableness:
The LAC border should not be planned in areas with large passenger flow volume. The LAC
crossed by the main traffic lines such as expressways and railways should be as few as
possible; therefore, a large number of unnecessary location updates are avoided.
For details, see Case 7 "Planning the LAC ".
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Rectifying Hardware and Transmission Faults

Impact
The paging messages cannot be processed or delivered due to hardware or transmission
faults.
Check Method
R373: Cell Out-of-Service > 0
CA306: Timeouts Waiting MSC's CC Message > 0
ALM-21801: GSM Cell out of Service
Solution
To rectify the hardware and transmission
faults,
perform the troubleshooting according to
the methods of alarm ALM-21801.
You can obtain the alarm description from
HEDEX.
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Paging Success Rate
Cases
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Case 1 Parameter Optimization

Adjust the paging duration of the core network on the Erdos entire network, and the paging success rate is improved by
0.4%.
Promotion in phase 1: At 11:00, change the paging duration of 14 LACs from 6/5/4 to 6/6/5.
Promotion in phase 2: At 4:00, change the paging duration of 14 LACs from 6/6/5 to 6/6/6.
Conclusion: By modifying the paging duration of the core network, the paging success rate is improved by 0.4%.
Phase 1: The whole paging success rate is

improved by 0.3%.
Phase 2: The whole paging success rate is

improved by 0.1%.
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Page 24

Adjust the access parameters on the Erdos entire network, and the paging success rate is improved by 0.3%0.4%.
Random Access Error Threshold: Change the value larger than 180 to 180.
CS RACH Min. Access Level: For GSM900 cells, set this value to 109. For GSM1800 cells, set this value to 105.
Minum Access RXLEV: For GSM900 cells, set this value to 10. For GSM1800 cells, set this value to 15.
Conclusion: After the whole wireless access parameter optimization, the paging success rate of the entire network is
improved by 0.3%0.4%. The TCH call drop rate increases by 0.01%, and other KPIs have no change.
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CMCC adjusts parameters related to the BSS and NSS. The paging success rate is improved by 2%.
Parameter
Name
Current Recommended
Value
Value
Modification Reason
Send System
No
Information 2ter
Yes
Minimum
10
Access RXLEV
RACH Min.
Access Level
-109
-112
Paging times
MS MAX
Retrans
3 (first paging
TMSI+LAC, second
paging IMSI+LAC,
third paging
IMSI+LAC)
Enable three times paging to improve the paging success rate under
the condition that no paging overload occurs.
8s
The BTS software parameter is 29, that is, BTS Paging Lifetime. To
optimize the TBF setup success rate, set the software parameter from
255 to 28, that is, from 5s to 7s. However, the interval between first
paging and second paging on the core network is set to 6s. According
to the recommended configuration, BTS Paging Lifetime should be
smaller than the paging interval of the core network. Otherwise, the
paging queue resources on the BTS are wasted. The paging interval of
the core network is set to (6, 8). That is, the first paging duration is 6s,
and the second paging duration is 8s. Set the first paging duration to a
large value that is greater than BTS Paging Lifetime. In this way, the
first paging success rate can be improved, and the paging overload
probability on the BSS is reduced.
Paging times
(MSC side)
First paging
duration (MSC
side)
6s
The system 2ter message is not sent, which affects the MS reselection
between the 900 MB cell and 1800 MB cell in idle state.
Because the coverage of BSC 3B1 is not the main urban area and the
distance between BTSs is 5 Km, you are advised to set this parameter
to a small value and widen the restriction of MS camping on the cell.
According to the preceding experience, a small value of this parameter
has a positive impact on the paging success rate.
Because the coverage of the BSC is not the main urban area and the
distance between BTSs is 5 Km, you are advised to set this parameter
to a small value and widen the restriction of MS access. According to
the preceding experience, a small value of this parameter has a
positive impact on the paging success rate.
Some paging messages on the BTS are deleted currently by querying
the traffic statistics. The hardware fault occurs in cell 7 and cell 79, and
no paging is deleted in the other site. Therefore, to increase the paging
retransmissions can improve the paging success rate.
Because the BTS Paging Lifetime is set to a large value of 7s, and no
paging overload of the uplink RACH occurs, you are advised to set MS
MAX Retrans to a large value to improve the paging success rate.
Conclusion: The paging success rate is improved by 2% after the paging parameter optimization on both the BSS and NSS.
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Case 4 Core Network Tool Application

The paging success rate of a certain office in Philippines is improved by adjusting the paging interval.
The paging interval of the core network after optimization (10, 3):
The paging interval of the original core network (3, 3):
The summation of two paging intervals is small. As a result, some
Most of paging responses are measured.
of them send paging response messages. If the interval exceeds
The paging retransmission and paging flow control are

reduced.
the paging lifetime of the core network, the measure fails.
A large number of second paging messages are retransmitted.
Actual network conditions: The delivery capability is a bottleneck,
Actual network conditions:

The paging success rate is improved from 50% to 90%.
and the paging overload occurs.
Typical LAC: 41022

10:00
First paging
delivery times
19:00
10:00
Paging success
rate
19:00
10:00
First paging
success rate
19:00
10:00
Total paging
delivery times
19:00
2011-11-2 2011-11-3 2011-11-23 2011-11-24

109427
103110
76127
74887
180343
182447
151361
156693
83.30%
82.70%
92.20%
92.10%
75.40%
68.30%
90.00%
90.00%
78.50%
78.30%
90.00%
89.80%
60.40%
47.60%
87.00%
86.80%
132860
125487
83735
82479
252229
280329
170971
177261
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 27
Case 5 BSC Discard

Low paging success rate
The paging volume delivered by A interface exceeds the threshold of the BSC due to traffic increase, and a large number
of paging messages are discarded by the BSC. As a result, the paging success rate is low and the retransmitted paging
messages increase abruptly.
BSC configuration:
Max CS Paging Message Num in Period is 160.
The following figure shows the configuration of signaling link 7 on
the A interface. Two signaling links 7 on the A interface are in
subrack 0 (BM) to subrack 6 (TC) and subrack 3 (BM) to subrack 7
(TC) respectively.
Note:
The paging message arrival rate is configured based on the CPU.
As shown in the following figure, two A interface signaling links are
bound in different subracks. Therefore, they do not share the same
CPU. Each CPU allows 160 paging messages per second.
The maximum paging volume allowed by a BSC in an hour is
1152000 (160 x 3600 x 2 = 1152000).
BSC version: BSC6000V9R8C12SP25

CS paging received by the A interface:
A0300 = 2071150
A0301 = 0
CS paging delivered by the Abis
interface:
A330 = 1101831
Average BSC discarding CS paging is

equal to 969319.
Solution: Change Max CS Paging

Message Num in Period from 160 to
330, and the BSC discarding paging
disappears.
Office
The following table lists parameter

values of two networks.
BSC
Name
CS Paging
Volume on the A
Interface
A0300
Indonesia
BLMP7
XL
Erdos
BSC17
Average Paging
Volume Delivered by
the Abis Interface:
A330
A0301
Average BSC
Discard:
A0300+A0301A330
Paging
Success Rate
of the Core
Network
2071150
1101831
969319
38.23%
105625
105620
98.30%
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 28
Case 6 BTS Discard

Low paging success rate in XXX network
After a new BTS is configured for a BSC, the paging volume exceeds the paging capacity limitation of the Um interface, and
a large number of paging messages are discarded by the BTS. As a result, the paging success rate is low and the
retransmitted paging messages increase abruptly.
BSC version: BSC6900V900R011C00SPH732

CS paging delivered by the Abis interface:
Average A330 = 361797
The paging volume delivered by the Abis interface exceeds the paging capacity limitation of the Um interface.
Paging discarded by the BTS:
A337 = 69626
A338 = 118319
A339 = 1001
A340 = 105
Solution: Configure the extended BCCH for all cells. The paging success rate is recovered rapidly.
The following table lists parameter

values of two networks.
Office
Paging Volume Discarded by the

BTS
BSC
Paging Success Rate
Name
of the Core Network
A337
A338
A339 A340
Uganda
Erdos
BSC17
69626 118319
HUAWEI Confidential
1001
105
43.36%
98.30%
Page 29
Case 7 Planning the LAC

XXX network LAC area planning assessment
Select top N cells of the location update by filtering cells in the LAC borders.
Green circle: This circle covers three
LACs at the provincial road border. This
symptom is abnormal. The preliminary
adjustment plan is required.
Brown circle: This circle covers the
urban area or the Banner and county
centers with a high density of population.
There are many location updates in this
circle, and this is normal.
Blue circle: This circle covers the border
between the LAC area and Baomao
Expressway. The expressway is close to
the LAC border, and this configuration
must be optimized later.
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 30
Case 8 MSC SPF board overload

In XXX network, some BSCs have low PSR due to MSC SPF board overload.
We can monitor the counter
Time
GBSC
Integrity
CA306 to find out if the SPF

board with high load.
09/07/2012 20:00
BSC_Cirebon_2
100%
446680
09/07/2012 20:00
BSC_Indramayu
100%
244420
After the expansion of SPF

board, PSR became normal.
CA306: Timeouts
Waiting MSC's CC
Message
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 31
Case 9 Paging Overload in XXX network

In the large traffic volume environment in XXX network, the paging overload occurs because the
paging volume exceeds the Um interface capacity after replacement.
Problem
Cause
Solution
The power is not

1. The replacement power is not matched. As a
matched after
result, the LAC paging volume is larger than
network
that of the original network, and the paging
replacement in
request is replaced by the immediate
Philippines with the
assignment command. The paging overload
high SD traffic
occurs.
volume and
2. Other factors: SD congestion, interference from
occurrence of
an external source, interference of engineering
paging overload.
intermodulation, and paging flow control
AGCH Mapping
SD Reconfigure
and Traffic Balance
1. Power matching
2. Paging policy matching: disabling AGCH
priority
3. Performing configuration according to the new
SD configuration rules
4. Replacement analysis, large paging volume
LACs configurable with the extended BCH and
AGCH
5. Sufficient expansion of transmission resources
Paging Duration Extend
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 32
Case 10 configuration problem in MSC pool

In XXX network, it is MSC pool scenario, some BSCs with 0% PSR due to
wrong NRI configuration:
In MSC pool
scenario, the NRI
configuration of
BSS should be the
same with NSS.
BSC SWLD2 &

SWWV3 with
0% PSR
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 33
Attachment 1 Analysis Report on Paging

Problems
(xxx Project)
Analysis Report on Paging
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 34
Attachment 2 Required Actions Related to

Paging Problems
Required Actions Related to
Paging Problems checklist
Operation
Range
Description
Application Scenario
Operation Analysis
Classifying problems related to

paging success rate
Entire network
Specify the current paging problem.
Specify current problems, for example, non-compliance of network paging success

rate, degradation of NE paging success rate after upgrade, increase of live
network paging success rate.
Checking power matching

(applicable to non-compliance of
network paging success rate)
Entire network
Check power matching by using the power matching

tool.
replacement
Check the power matching before and after the upgrade according to contents in
the Power Matching Guide and the Power Matching Tool.
Checking parameters (applicable

to non-compliance of network
paging success rate)
Entire network
Check the parameter mapping before and after the

upgrade and checking parameters related to
interconnection of NSS and BSS.
replacement
Check parameter mapping results of the live network and the original network
according to the intelligent parameter mapping tool and verify parameters related
to interconnection of MSC and BSC according to Correlation Analysis of the GSM
Wireless Network and Core Network Parameters.
Checking parameter inheritance

(applicable to degradation of NE
paging success rate after
upgrade)
Entire network
Compare parameters before and after the upgrade.
Upgrade
Compare MML script files before and after the upgrade by using the PFMStudio to
find different parameter setting.
Comparing different versions

(applicable to degradation of NE
paging success rate after
upgrade)
Entire network
Verify the existing information to confirm the version

variances before and after the upgrade.
Upgrade
Confirm whether the version variances or known problems of the current version
affect the paging success rate according to the early warning, notification, release
notes, and hitless upgrade tool. For known causes, take the preventive measures.
Troubleshooting hardware and

transmission faults
Entire network
Find out and rectify hardware and transmission

faults according to analysis of traffic statistics and
alarms.
Deployment,
replacement, upgrade,
and inventory
Analyze traffic statistics (R373: Cell Out-of-Service Duration) and the alarm (ALM21801: GSM Cell out of Service) to find out cells with hardware or transmission
faults and then analyze the cell according to the methods of clearing alarms.
Troubleshooting paging overload
Entire network
and top N cells
Analyze paging overload of the BSC according to

the traffic statistics.
Deployment,
and inventory
Required Actions
Analyze related traffic statistics to find out bottleneck of the paging overload and
then perform corresponding operations to solve the problem.
Related to Paging Pro
Entire network
Analyze capacity of the LAC and the LAC border.
Deployment,
and inventory
1. Use the LACs to reduce the number of LACs if the paging volume is low.
2. Analyze the LAC border based on the engineering parameters and the digital
map. The LAC border should not be planned in areas with large passenger flow
volume. The LAC crossed by the main traffic lines such as expressways and
railways should be as few as possible; therefore, a large number of
unnecessary location updates are avoided.
Analyzing cells with poor coverage

and paging black holes
Entire network
and top N cells
The core network tool searches the cells which have

activities such as short messages, call, location
update, and paging in the recent several minutes
according to the IMSI of no paging response in the
call logging to find the black hole cells. The analysis
can be implemented manually combined with the
coverage diagram output by OMstar.
Deployment,
and inventory
1. Use the Trace Analyzer tool to filter the paging black hole cells.
2. Use the OMstar tool to output the coverage diagram.
3. Use the two tools to find the poor coverage points of paging black hole cells,
pass the test of border roads, and investigate the on-site wireless environment.
Based on the different reasons, you can optimize the cells.
Checking paging-related
parameters
Entire network
Troubleshoot parameters that may affect paging,

including parameters on the BSS and parameters on
the core network.
Deployment,
and inventory
Provide settings of paging-related parameters on the live network, including

parameters on the BSS and parameters on the core network, and then optimize
and adjust the parameters according to contents in the slide.
Troubleshooting known version

problems
Entire network
Troubleshoot known version problems.
Deployment,
and inventory
Troubleshoot the known version problems mentioned in the slide.
Planning the LAC area
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 35
Thank you
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Topics in This Document

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1. Initial issue after

Caofei, Chen Ruiqun, Li Yugang,

Caofei, Liu Kuan, Ni Hongxiang,

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Definition and Measurement Point of Paging Success Rate

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Definition of Paging Success Rate

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Measurement Point of Paging Success Rate

A: Paging request times

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Definition and Measurement Point of Paging Success Rate

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Classification of Paging Success Rate

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Solution of PSR optimization

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Process of Handling Paging Success Rate

According to the preliminary analysis of the faulty LAC,

LAC1: cell out of service

Perform the hardware and

LAC2: paging overload

Solve the paging overload

LAC3: a large number of poor

Perform the following operations

The common paging overload is

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LAC4: improper parameter

Modify the improper

Definition and Measurement Point of Paging Success Rate

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Checking PagingRelated Parameters - NSS

First paging duration =

Second paging duration =

Third paging duration =

Fourth paging duration =

Fifth paging duration =

Support release before pick-up

The table on the right lists the parameter

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Support location update and optimization

All paging types

Using TMSI for the first paging

Using IMSI for the second paging

Using TMSI for the third paging

Using TMSI for the fourth paging

Using TMSI for the fifth paging

All RAN paging flag =

The first paging delivered only to the current LAI

The second paging delivered only to the current LAI

The third paging delivered only to the current LAI

The fourth paging delivered only to the current LAI

The fifth paging delivered only to the current LAI

Implicit IMSI detach timer (min)

Support location update and

Support release before pick-up

Adjustment Policy of PagingRelated Parameters - NSS