UNIT IV

DIRECTING

LEADER
SHIP

LEADERSHI
P:-

The ability to positively influence people and

systems to have a meaningful impact and achieve

results.
Leadershipis:
Theactivityofleadingagroupofpeopleoranorganizatio
n.
TheprocessofInfluencing,Motivatingothers,guidingth
emtowardsavisualizedgoal.
3 primary tasks of a
leader :Setdirection
:mission,goals,vision
Buildcommitment

:motivate&inspire

Confrontchallenges :innovation,deal
withchange,turbulence,takerisks

LEADERSHI
P:Functions:1. Goal Determination
2. Motivating Followers
3. Direction
4. Coordination
5. Representation
Importance of Leadership:1. Aid to authority.
2. Motive power to group efforts.
3. Basis for co operation.
4. Integration of Formal and Informal
Organization.

aracteristics of Leadership: Leader must have followers.

It is working relationship between leader and
followers.
Purpose is to achieve some common goal or
goals.
A leader influences his followers willingly not by
force.
Leadership is exercised in a given situation.
Leadership is a power relationship .
It is a continuous process.

eadershipVsManagement

eadership Styles:-

eadership Styles:1. Autocratic

Leader
:
i) Anauthoritarian
leadershipstyle is being used when
-> aleaderdictates policies and procedures,
-> decides what goals are to be achieved,
-> and directs and controls all activities without any
meaningful

participation by the subordinates.

ii) Thisleaderhas full control of the team leaving low autonomy

within the

group.

Example of Autocratic
Leader:Onepersonhascontroloveralloftheworkersorfollowers.
Hitlerisincompletecontrolandnooneispermittedtomake
anysuggestionsorofferanyopinions,nomatterhowitmay
benefitthegroup.

Hitler

eadership Styles:-

Democratic or Participative:

Thisstyleinvolvestheleader includingoneormorepeoplein
thedecision makingprocess (determiningwhattodoand
howtodoit).

However,theleadermaintains thefinaldecisionmaking
authority.

Inanautocraticleadership,theleadermightsay,I want both of

you to work on X project, but inademocraticleadership
thesameleader wouldsay

Lets work on the X project

Example
togetherof Democratic
Leader:-

He was very reasonable while dealing with his

subordinate. He provided them challenges to
perform better and at the same time made
them realized that he trusted them and their

Carlos ghosn:

capabilities.

President and chief

executive officer, Renault,
France

eadership Styles:-

.Laissez-Faire Leadership Style: Inthisstyle,theleader allowsthepeopletomake

theirowndecisions.
However,theleaderisstill responsibleforthedecisions
thataremade.
Thisstyleallowsgreater freedomandresponsibility.
Youneedcompetentpeople
aroundyou.
Example
of Laissez-Faire Leader:Gandhi was a laissez-faire leader because he
encouraged peaceful protesting and he didnt direct
the group, they all came together to work towards a
common goal.

Gandhi

eadership Styles:-

4. Paternalistic
Leadership:
The way a Paternalistic leader works is by acting as a father figure by
taking care of their subordinates as a parent would.

In this style of leadership the leader supplies complete concern for his
followers or workers.

Example of Paternalistic Leader:Mother Teresa was as exceptional leader who exhibited charisma and
had the ability to inspire the members of her order to transcend their
own self-interests to achieve the vision.

Mother Teresa

LEADERSHIP
THEORIES:-

a. Fiedler Model
b. Likert Model
c. Managerial Grid Theory

LEADERSHIP
THEORIES:1.Great Man Theory: Leaders are born, not made.
This approach emphasized that a person is born with or without
the necessary traits of leaderships.

Early explanations of leadership studied the traits of great

leaders.

Great man theories (Gandhi, Lincoln, Napoleon) , Belief that

people were born with these traits and only the great people
possessed them

According to the great man theory of leadership, leadership calls

for certain qualities like commanding personality, charm,
courage ,intelligence, persuasiveness and aggressiveness.

LEADERSHIP
THEORIES:-

2. Trait Theory : Trait is an approach to the study of

humanpersonality.
Trait theories of leadership sought personality, social,
physical or intellectual traits that differentiate leaders from
non leaders.

Trait view has little analytical or predictive value, technical,

conceptual and human skills.

Leadership Traits: Ambition and energy.
The desire to lead.
Honesty and integrity.
Self-confidence
Intelligence.
Job-relevant knowledge.

LEADERSHIP
THEORIES:3.Behavioural Theory: In contrast with trait theory, behavioral theory attempts to describe
leadership in terms of what leaders do, while trait theory seeks to
explain leadership on the basis of what leaders are.
Leadership according to this approach is the result of effective role
behavior.
Leadership is shown by a persons acts more than by his traits.
Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from
non leaders.

Pattern of actions used by different individuals determines

leadership potential. Examples Autocratic, democratic and laissezfaire.

LEADERSHIP
THEORIES:-

4. Contigency Theory :
a. Fiedler Model
b. Likert Model
c. Managerial Grid Theory

Contingency Theories:

While trait and behavior theories do help us understand leadership, an

important component is missing: the environment in which the leader
exists.

Contingency Theory deals with this additional aspect of leadership

effectiveness studies.

END OF
LEADERSHIP