4 - Frequency Planning

Internal
Frequency Planning
&
Neighbor Cell Planning
ISSUE1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
All rights reserved
Chapter 1 Basic knowledge

Chapter 2 Frequency planning
Chapter 3 Frequency hopping
Chapter 4 Neighbor Cell Planning
All rights reserved
Content of Basic knowledge

Frequency resource of GSM system
Requirement for carrier-to-interference ratio
Signal quality grade coding
All rights reserved
Frequency Resource of GSM System

GSM 900 :
890
915
935
960
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
GSM 1800 :
1710
1785
1805
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
Channel Interval 200kHz
All rights reserved
1880
Frequency Band Configuration

GSM900
BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 n 890 n0.2 MHz

BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2 n f1 n 45 MHz
GSM1800
BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 n 1710 n 511 0.2

MHz
BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2 n f1 n 95
All rights reserved
MHz
Requirement for Carrier-To-Interference Ratio
C/I =
All useful signals

All useless signals
Useful signal
carrier
interference
Noise from environment
Other signals
GSM standard: co-channel C / I >= 9 dB

In practical projects: C / I >= 12dB
All rights reserved
Signal Quality
Receiving quality (RXQUAL parameter)
Level of receiving quality (0 ... 7)
Bit error rate before decoding and error correction
Good
Fairly good
Acceptable
Intolerable
RXQUAL
class
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mean BER
(%)
0.14
0.28
0.57
1.13
2.26
4.53
9.05
18.1
All rights reserved
BER range
from... to
< 0.2%
0.2 ... 0.4 %
0.4 ... 0.8 %
0.8 ... 1.6 %
1.6 ... 3.2 %
3.2 ... 6.4 %
6.4 ... 12.8 %
> 12.8 %
Question1
If ARFCN is 96,
what is the corresponding frequency value?

If the frequency value is 909.8M in uplink,
what is the corresponding channel number?

If ARFCN is 128
which band does it belong to, GSM900 or 1800 or neither?

If the frequency resource is 6M,
how many channels are there?

if no frequency reuse, how many subscribers can access
network at the same time?
All rights reserved

Chapter 4 Neighbor Cell Planning
All rights reserved

2.1 Concept of frequency reuse
2.2 Normal frequency reuse
2.3 Tight frequency reuse
All rights reserved
Concept of Frequency Reuse
Macro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
..
{fi,fj..fk}
reuse
All rights reserved
..
{fi,fj..fk}
reuse
The Reason of Frequency Reuse

Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency resource,
Case 1:No frequency reuse
8 MHz = 40 channels * 8 timeslots = 320

==> max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
Case 2:Frequency reuse
If each frequency carrier is reused for n times, then 320*n users can
communicate at the same time. (The actual relation is more than n
times.)
All rights reserved
Problem of Frequency Reuse

Interference coming from 6 co-channel cells
C
q
I
6
fn
1/2
q = D/R = ( 3 k )
fn
At the cell boundary, the interference is
severe
C (q 1)
I
6
fn
fn
fn
fn
fn
Frequency Reuse induce Co-channel interference

All rights reserved
Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse
cluster.
4*3 12
n*m n*m
n: BTS number in a basic reuse cluster

m: Frequency group number in a BTS
Tighter reuse
0
Looser reuse
10
Higher frequency reuse

efficiency, but interference
is serious. More technique
12
20
Little interference, but frequency

reuse efficiency is low.
Is needed.
All rights reserved
Limited by
Capability
Frequency resource
Frequency reuse
Bit error
Interference
Balance
Quality
All rights reserved


All rights reserved
4*3 Frequency Reuse

C1
A1
C1
A1
A2
A3
C2
C3
B1
A3
A3
D1
B2
B3
A1
A2
D2
D3
C3
B1
B2
D1
B2
B3
A1
C1 C2
A2
C3
B1
D1
D2
D3
B3
D2
D3
C1
A2
A3
4 BTS
3 cells/BTS
12 cells construct
a cluster
C2
C3
B1
B3
C1
C2
A1
D1
B2
D2
D3
A1
A3
A3
C1
A2
B1
All rights reserved
B2
C3
B1
C2
C3
B3
A2
C2
B2
B3
D1
D3
D2
D1
D3
D2
Illustration of Frequency Allocation of 4*3

Frequency Reuse
All rights reserved
4*3 frequency use

C1
A1
C1
A1
A3
A2
C3
C2
D1
A2
A3
C3
B1
4*3 is normal frequency use
C2
B2
D1
BCCH planning must use 4*3
D2
D3
D2
B3 C1
C2
C1
54
46
B2
42
C2
D3 A1
34
A1
52
A2 C3
A2
40
D1 D2
4456
50
B3
C3
55
C1 C2
D1
47
43
A348 B1 38
D2
A3
36
53 B2 D3 35
A1 A2
B1
57 51
41
B2
C3 D1
45
D3
39
C1
D2 B349
C2 B3
A3
37 A1
B1 B2
A2 C3
D3
D1
D2
B3
A3 B1
B2
D3
B1
B3
All rights reserved

All rights reserved
Tight Frequency Reuse Technology
1 Multi-layer reuse pattern (MRP)

2 1*3
3 1*1
4 Underlaid and overlaid cell
All rights reserved
Multi-layer Reuse Pattern
All rights reserved

BCCH: n1
TCH1: n2
TCH2: n3
TCHm-1: nm
n1 n2n3 n4 ...... nm
And n1+n2+...+nm=n
All rights reserved

Consecutive Frequency Allocation
Suppose that the available frequency carrier is
10MHZ, channel number is 46 77, the Multilayer reuse pattern should be:
All rights reserved
Layout
All rights reserved
BCCH
All rights reserved
TCH Layer 1
All rights reserved
TCH Layer 2
All rights reserved
TCH Layer 3
All rights reserved
Multi-layer Reuse Pattern Interval Frequency Allocation

{f1,f2,f3,f4,f5...f40}
{f1,f3,f5...f23}
BCCH
TCH1
{f2,f4..f22,f24...f40}
TCH2
All rights reserved
TCH3
TCH4
Advantages of Multi-layer Reuse Pattern

Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
Supposing there are 300 cells

Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 4*3 reuse: reuse density=12
network capacity = 40/12 * 300 = 1000 TRX

Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer:
re-use =14,
(14 frq.)
Normal TCH layer:
re-use =10,
(20 frq.)
Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6,
(6 frq.)
Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)* 300 = 1200 TRX
All rights reserved
BWi
cap. N
re usei
1*3 frequency reuse

R
R
4*3
1*3
Compare 1*3 frequency reuse with 4*3 reuse

Cell configuration is advanced with the same
frequency resource
Cell Radius is the same Reuse distance is
decreased, Interference is enhanced.

We need use extra technology to resist
interference while using 1*3 frequency reuse

All rights reserved
General Underlay Overlay
Overlay-cell
Underlay-cell
Overlay-cell
Underlay-cell
The inner circle covers a smaller area, and the

frequency can be reused more tightly.
All rights reserved
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
Super fn
Super fn
Super fn
Regular fm
Regular fm
BCCH 15f
BCCH
Regular 24f
Reuse density: 15
R TCH TRX reuse density: 12

S TCH
TRX reuse density: 6
All rights reserved
Super 12f

Chapter 4 Neighbor cell planning
All rights reserved

3.1 Advantage and class of hopping
3.2 Hopping parameter
3.3 Hopping application
All rights reserved
Concept of Frequency Hopping

BURST
Bn || fn
Bn-1 || fn-1
B1 || f1
Frequency hopping refers to the regular hopping of

carrier frequency within certain range
All rights reserved
Advantages of Hopping
Get an agreeable radio
B4
f4
B3
f3
B2
f2
B1
f1
environment.
Provide a similar
f4
f3
f2
f1
communication quality for
f1
every user .
f1
Tighter reuse patterns
are possible to be used

for larger capacity
Hopping is a special frequency diversity

All rights reserved
Class of Hopping
Class according to the way of implementation
Base-band hopping
RF hopping
Class according to the min hopping time unit
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot.
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame.
All rights reserved
Base Band Hopping Principle
All rights reserved
RF Hopping Principle
All rights reserved


All rights reserved
Hopping Parameters
What ?
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system, including three options: not
hopping, base band hopping and RF hopping.

MA (Mobile Allocation Set): the set of available frequency when hopping, containing
at most 64 frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those of the
available frequency
HSN hopping sequence number 0 63 . HSN=0 cycle
hopping,HSN0 random hopping. Every sequence number corresponds a

pseudo random sequence.
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset): used to define the initial frequency of the
hopping.
TSC: should be set consistent with BCC
All rights reserved
Hopping Parameters
Where ?
All the parameters which are related to hopping are configured
in cell/configure Hopping data
All rights reserved

All rights reserved
Example of 1*3 Frequency Reuse

Suppose 900 band: 96 124
BTS configuration S3/3/3
BCCH layer 96 109 reuse pattern 4*3
TCH layer 110 124
reuse pattern 1*3
All rights reserved
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme

Cell1
MA1
Cell1
MA1
Cell2
Cell3
MA2
Cell2
Cell3
MA2
MA3
Cell1
MA1
MA3
Cell2
Cell3
MA2
MA3
MAIO
MA1
110
111 112
113
114
0,2
MA2
115
116 117
118
119
0,2
MA3
120
121 122
123
124
0,2
All rights reserved
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
Cell1
MA1
Cell1
MA1
Cell1
MA1
Cell2
Cell3
MA2
Cell3
MA2
Cell2
MA3
MA3
Cell3
MA2
Cell2
MA3
MAIO
MA1
110 113 116 119 122
0,2,4
MA2
111 114 117 120 123
1,3
MA3
112 115 118 121 124
0,2
All rights reserved
Compare two Allocation Scheme

Different MA value
Different MAIO value
Under 6MHz band Consecutive Allocation support
max site type S3/3/3 theoretically while Interval

Allocation support max type S4/3/3
Consecutive Allocation is usually used in urban area,
While Interval allocation is usually used in town and

country.
In order to decrease the inference between different

BTS, It is better to keep the cell azimuth consistent
All rights reserved
Comparison Between Multi-layer reuse and 1*3

For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either Base band hopping or RF hopping
can be used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
The frequency planning for the 1x3 mode is simple and it is easy to plan
the frequency for new added BTS.

1x3 mode requires a rather regular BTS location distribution.
For the cells with fixed number of TRX, when the traffic is heavy, the 1x3
provides higher service quality than that of Multi-layer reuse pattern.

TRX can be easily added to the 1x3 network, but TRX number of hopping
should not exceed the product of the allocated hopping frequency

number and the max RF load ratio.
BCCH of Multi-layer reuse pattern can take part in the frequency
hopping, while BCCH in 1x3 mode can not.

All rights reserved
Frequency Planning Principle

There should be no co-channel frequency carriers in one BTS.
The frequency separation between BCCH and TCH in the same cell should
be not less than 400K.

When frequency hopping is not used, the separation of TCH in the same
cell should be not less than 400K.

In non-1*3 reuse mode, co-channel should be avoided between the
immediately neighbor BTS.

Neighbor BTS should not have co-channels facing each other directly.
Normally, with 1*3 reuse, the number of the hopping frequencies should be
not less than twice of the number of frequency hopping TRX in the same
cell.
Pay close attention to co-channel reuse, avoiding the situation that the
same BCCH has the same BSIC in adjacent area.

All rights reserved
Example of Frequency Planning

An example network in a specific place, BTS are densely located. The
.
topography
is plain. The maximum BTS configuration is S3/3/2
Initial planning:
All rights reserved
Example of Frequency Planning

Final frequency planning:
All rights reserved

Chapter 4 Neighbor cell planning
All rights reserved
Why
Handover is based on the neighbor relationship.
Existing problem of neighbor planning
No neighbor relationship, no handover

Co-BCCH and co-basic between adjacent cells lead to handover
failure.
redundant neighbors
missing neighbor
All rights reserved
Neighbor Cell Description

There are table BA1 and table BA2.
Table BA1 describes BCCH frequencies of the
adjacent cells to be measured when the MS is in idle

mode.
Table BA2 describes BCCH frequencies of the
adjacent cells to be measured when the MS is in

dedicated mode.
There are two kinds of neighbors
bidirectional neighbors
unidirectional neighbors
Bidirectional neighbors are common, and
unidirectional neighbors are used in special

condition, such as overshooting
All rights reserved
Overshooting and Unidirectional Neighbor

The signals of cell A covers some areas far away from this
B
cell. It is overshooting.
When MS moves from this area towards B and C
in dedicated mode, the signal is worse and worse.
since cell B and C is not the cell As neighbor,

call drop will occur finally.
There are three solution:

Adjust the downtilt of the antenna
Adjust the transmitting power of the BTS
Add B and C as the neighbor of cell A, no need to add
A to B and C, that is unidirectional neighbor.
(make sure that there are no co-BCCH and co-BSIC in neighbor
list)
All rights reserved
Neighbor Planning Principle

The cells of co-site must be set as neighbor cells
The cells confronting directly must be added to neighbor list
The cells facing toward the same direction should be neighbors
The cells shooting by the original cell

The cells shooting at the original cell
The cells, one site apart, face to face should be neighbor cells.
All rights reserved
Demonstration (ideally)
Original cell
co-site cell
Confronting cell
same directional cell
one site apart
face to face cell
All rights reserved
Thank You
www.huawei.com

4 - Frequency Planning

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

4 - Frequency Planning

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Content of Basic knowledge

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Frequency Resource of GSM System

Duplex distance : 45 MHz

Duplex distance : 95 MHz

Channel Interval 200kHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Frequency Band Configuration

BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 n 890 n0.2 MHz

BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 n 1710 n 511 0.2

All rights reserved

Requirement for Carrier-To-Interference Ratio

All useful signals

Noise from environment

GSM standard: co-channel C / I >= 9 dB

All rights reserved

Bit error rate before decoding and error correction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

what is the corresponding frequency value?

what is the corresponding channel number?

which band does it belong to, GSM900 or 1800 or neither?

how many channels are there?

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 2 Frequency planning

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Concept of Frequency Reuse

All rights reserved

The Reason of Frequency Reuse

8 MHz = 40 channels * 8 timeslots = 320

Case 2:Frequency reuse

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Problem of Frequency Reuse

Frequency Reuse induce Co-channel interference

All rights reserved

n: BTS number in a basic reuse cluster

Higher frequency reuse

Little interference, but frequency

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 2 Frequency planning

2.2 Normal frequency reuse

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

4*3 Frequency Reuse

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Illustration of Frequency Allocation of 4*3

Compare 13 frequency reuse with 43 reuse