Larrys New truck

Larrys Truck Improvements

GIT-R-DONE

Larry put a 6 lift kit on his

Ford F-150 and a set of
33s Super Swamper
Thornbird Tires
The Suspension System
has been modified but the
Brake System has not.
Do You See Any
Problems?

What Parts Control the Stopping of

the Truck?

Master Cylinder
Brake Hoses/Lines
Wheel Cylinders
Brake Calipers

Larry has a Problem!

What changes could you make to fix the
problem?
Bigger parts
Such as: Master Cylinder, Brake lines, Wheel
Cylinders, and/or Brake Calipers

Pascals Law
Unlock the mechanics of the
Hydraulic Braking System

Before we apply Pascals Law

We must first review and be familiar with
Diameter of a Piston
Radius of the Piston
Area of the top surface of the Piston
Mathematically speaking
Diameter: The width of a circular or cylindrical object.
Radius: The radius of a circle is half the diameter
Area: Any particular extent of space or surface

Math Hands on Practice

Measure across the top

of the piston, through

the center and record
the diameter (inches)
Calculate the radius of
the piston
Calculate the area of
the top of the piston
A = r r or
A = r2
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Area Example
Diameter = 7 inches
Radius = 3 1/2 inches
Area = ?

A= r2

3.14 (3 in)2 = 38.465 in2

Area = 38.465 in2
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Homework
Practice skill work
Read article: Effect of Oversize Tires

on Braking Characteristics
www.aamva.org/Documents/
vehStudyEffectOfOversizedTiresOnAlteredHei
ghtVehicles.pdf -

Pascals Law
In the 1600's, the French scientist Blaise

Pascal discovered a fact now known as

Pascal's Law. It states that pressure at any
point in a body of fluid is the same in every
direction, exerting equal force on equal
areas. This works for gases and liquids
(both are fluids).

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Pascals Formula
This brings us to a very important formula:

F
P
A
P = Pressure, F = Force and A = Area

This expresses that Pressure is Force per Unit Area.

This is why pressure is usually expressed in
pounds per square inch (psi).

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Variations of Pascals Law

Pressure = Force

divided by area

F
P
A

Force = Pressure times

area
Area = Force divided

by pressure

F P A
F
A
P
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F =Force

F
P
P = Pressure

A
A = Area
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Have you used formulas like

Pascals Law? Where are they used?
Generic Inverse Variation

Problem
used in Algebra
Time = Distance / Rate

15
y
x

Ohms Law

used in science class

with electrical components
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Using Pascals Law

Pascal's Law - gives us the
mechanics to do a great deal
of work with hydraulics. The
drawing on the left shows
that we can lift a large amount
of weight with a small amount
of effort. We can lift 100
pounds by applying just 10
pounds of force to the piston
measuring 1 square inch
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Basic automotive braking system

16

.5 sq in area of top of piston

50 lbs force

F
P
A
50lb
P
.5in 2
P 100lb / in

50 lbs divided by .5 = 100 psi

17

Where might Pascals Law be used?

A twenty ton floor

jack has a hydraulic

piston with a 7 in
diameter.
60 pounds of force is
being applied to the
piston.
Calculate the line
pressure being exerted
on the piston.
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Solving a Pascals Law problem

Which version of Pascals Law will you use?

Pressure = Force divided by area

F
P
A
Recall from earlier..

A= r2
3.14 (3 in)2 = 38.465 in2
Area = 38.465 in2

P = (60pounds) / (38.465 in2)

P = 1.56 pounds/ in2
P = 1.56 psi

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Using Pascals Law

A caliper piston has a

diameter = 1.5 in
The Master cylinder
has 50 pounds per
square inch (psi) line
pressure applied to it.
Determine the force
exerted on the caliper
piston.
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Solving a Pascals Law problem

Which version of Pascals Law will you use?

Force = Pressure times area

F P A
Recall how to find area..

A= r2

3.14 (3/4 in)2 = 1.77 in2

Area = 1.77 in2
F = (50pounds/ in2) (1.77 in2)
F = 88.5 pounds
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Did Larry have brake failure?

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Remember Larrys Truck ..

The truck has a major

GIT-R-DONE

braking problem.
You suggested earlier
that we replace it with
bigger brake parts
What do we need to
know about the
original braking
system?
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Facts about Larrys Truck

in brake lines
in bore master cylinder
7/8 in bore wheel cylinders
2 in caliper pistons

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Can you fix Larrys truck?

Devise a plan to fix Larrys truck based on

Pascals Law and your knowledge of

automotive systems that will remedy
Larrys braking problems.
Be sure to show all calculations and justify
your solution plan in a written paragraph.
Remember Larry doubled the size of the original
tire size..
25

Be thorough..Larry is depending on
you
How would you

Git-R-Done?

GIT-R-DONE

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