Some Interesting

Maths Marvels

Math Magic
1.

ARMSTRONG NUMBERS
 DEFINITION
An Armstrong number or a plus perfect number is a
number that is the sum of its own digits each raised to
the power of the number of digits.

EXAMPLES

153 = 13 + 53 + 33

370 = 33 + 73 + 03
371 = 33 + 73 + 13
 2.
Dudeney Number
A Dudeney number is a positive integer that is a perfect
cube such that the sum of its decimal digits is equal to the cube
root of the number. There are exactly six such integers

The name derives from Henry Dudeney

 EXAMPLES

1 = 1 x 1 x 1 ; 1 = 1
512 = 8 x 8 x 8 ; 8 = 5 + 1 + 2
4913 = 17 x 17 x 17 ; 17 = 4 + 9 + 1 +
3
5832 = 18 x 18 x 18 ; 18 = 5 + 8 + 3 +
2
17576 = 26 x 26 x 26 ; 26 = 1 + 7 + 5
+ 7 + 6
19683 = 27 x 27 x 27 ; 27 = 1 + 9 + 6
+ 8 + 3
3.
FACTORIAN

A factorion is a natural number that equals the

sum of the factorials of its decimal digits.
 EXAMPLES

There are just four factorions and they

are 1, 2, 145 and 40585.

1! = 1
2! = 2*1 = 2
145! = 1! + 4! + 5!
40585! = 4!+0!+8!+0!+5!
 4.
FRIEDMAN NUMBER
A Friedman number is an integer which, in a given
base, is the result of an expression using all its own
digits in combination with any of the four basic
arithmetic operators (+, −, ×, ÷) and sometimes
exponentiation.
 EXAMPLES
25, 121, 125, 126, 127, 128, 153, 216, 289, 343,
347, 625, 688, 736, 1022, 1024, 1206, 1255, 1260,
1285, 1296, 1395, 1435, 1503, 1530, 1792, 1827,
2048, 2187, 2349, 2500, 2501, 2502, 2503, 2504,
2505, 2506, 2507, 2508, 2509, 2592, 2737, 2916,
3125, 3159 etc.
5.
MUNCHAUSEN NUMBERS
A Munchausen number is a number that is equal to the sum of its digits each
raised to a power equal to the digit. 0 and 1 are Munchausen numbers in any
base (using the convention that 00 = 0). Apart from 0 and 1 there are only two
other Munchausen numbers in the decimal system:

3435 = 33 a+ 44 + 33 + 55

438579088 = 44 + 33 + 88 + 55 + 77 + 99 + 00 + 88 + 88 
6.
PERFECT NUMBERS
In mathematics, a perfect number is a positive integer that
is the sum of its proper positive factors, that is, the sum of
the positive factors excluding the number itself.
EXAMPLES
1 6 1 ?
2 28 2 ?
3 496 3 ?
4 8128 4 ?
5 33550336 8 1456 ?

858986905 1588
6 6 10 Cataldi

137438691 1588
7 328 12 Cataldi
7.
FIBONACCI SERIES
In the 12th century, Leonardo Fibonacci discovered a simple
numerical series
Starting with 0 and 1, each new number in the series is simply the
sum of the two before it.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, . . .

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1 2 4 6
1 2 3 6 9
1 2 3 5 8 5 5 1 7
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 4 3 7 1 8
3 1 4 5 9 9 8 8 6
4 3 7 0 7
7 4 1 5
0+1 = 1
1+1 = 2
1+2 = 3
And so on
FIBONNACI SEQUNCE IN NATURE

The distribution of seeds in sunflower is spiral. The

seeds of the sunflower spiral outwards in both
clockwise and counterclockwise directions from the
center of the flower. The number of clockwise and
counterclockwise spirals are two consecutive
numbers in the Fibonacci sequence.
The shells of the snails follow the Fibonacci
sequence. In the same way, the shells of the
nautilus follow the same rule. The only difference
between these two is that nautilus’ shells grow in
a three-dimensional spiral, whereas snails’ shells
grow in a two-dimensional spiral.
8. PHI OR GOLDEN RATIO

In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if

the ratio of the sum of the quantities to the larger quantity is
equal to (=) the ratio of the larger quantity to the smaller one.
The golden ratio is approximately 1.618033988
PHI I
N OUR
LIFE
 IN HUMAN BODY
In human body, the ratio of the length of forearm to the length of
the hand is equal to 1.618, that is, Golden Ratio. Another well-
known examples on human body are:

A. The ratio between the length and width of face

B. Ratio of the distance between the lips and where the eyebrows
meet to the length of nose

C. Ratio of the length of mouth to the width of nose

D. Ratio of the distance between the shoulder line and the top of
the head to the head length

E. Ratio of the distance between the finger tip and the elbow to
the distance between the wrist and the elbow
QUESTION
HOUR
HOPE YOU LIKED IT

THANK YOU
 BY:
KARTIKAY MITTAL
IX-A
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