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Active & Passive Voice

BBA 1st
Chapter# 02
Lecturer: Naeem Khalid

Voice:
is a form of verb which shows whether the subject of
the sentence is the doer of an action or receiver of the action.
Active Voice:
A verb in the active voice shows that the subject
of the sentence is the doer of the action.
Structure:
Subject verb object
(Active Voice)
I teach English.
Note: Why do we use active voice?
We use active voice to make the subject of the sentence
important or prominent.
Ex: Ahmad fixes his car everyday.

Continued
Passive Voice:
A verb of passive voice shows that the subject of the sentence
is the receiver of the action or a verb in passive voice shows
that something is done to the subject.
Structure:
Object + to be + past participle form of verb + by phrase.
(Passive Voice)
Car is fixed by Ahmad everyday.

RULES FOR CHANGING ACTIVE TO PASSIVE


VOICE

Subject of an active sentence is turned into the Object of passive


sentence at the end of the sentence.

Object of an active sentence is turned into the Subject of passive


sentence ate the beginning of the sentence.
Be Past Participle form of verb is utilized.

Transitive verb is used only.

By phrase is used when it is important to know who does something.


All Subject Pronouns are changed into Object Pronouns & Vice Versa.

SIMPLE PRSENT (PASSIVE VOICE)


Affirmative: Sub +Is,Are,Am+ Past Participle + By Phrase.
Negative: Sub + Is,Are,Am + NOT+ Past Participle + By Phrase.
Question: Is, Are, Am + Sub + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
He plays Tennis.
Passive:
Tennis is played by him.
Active:
They dont study English in the class.
Passive:
English is not studied by them in the class.
Active:
Do I teach Physics on Saturdays?
Passive:
Is Physics taught by me on Saturdays?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(PASSIVE VOICE)

Affirmative: Sub +Is,Are,Am+Being + Past Participle + By Phrase.


Negative: Sub+Is,Are,Am+Not+Being +Past Participle+By Phrase.
Question: Is, Are, Am + Sub + Being + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

Ahmad is teaching Math.


Math is being taught by Ahmad.
Is she washing clothes ?
Are clothes being washed by her?
They are not eating lunch.
Lunch is not being eaten by them.

PRESENT PERFECT
(PASSIVE VOICE)

Affirmative: Sub + Has, Have + Been + Past Participle + By Phrase.


Negative: Sub + Has, Have +NOT+Been + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Question: Has, Have + Sub + Been + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

We have fixed the car.


The car has been fixed by us.
You have bought a book.
A book has been bought by you.
She has already eaten lunch.
Lunch has already been eaten by her.

SIMPLE PAST (PASSIVE VOICE)


Affirmative: Sub + Was, Were + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Negative: Sub + Was, Were + NOT + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Question: Was, Were + Sub + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

Ahmad wrote a letter yesterday.


A letter was written by Ahmad yesterday.
Did you open the doors ?
Were the doors opened by you?
He didnt call me last week.
I was not called by him last week.

PAST CONTINUOUS (PASSIVE VOICE)


Affirmative: Sub+Was,Were+Being + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Negative: Sub+Was,Were +NOT Being +Past Participle+By Phrase.
Question: Was, Were + Sub + Being + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

Ahmad was writing a letter yesterday.


A letter was being written by Ahmad yesterday.
Were you playing tennis yesterday ?
Was tennis being played by you yesterday?
He wasnt calling me last week.
I was not being called by him last week.

PAST PERFECT(PASSIVE VOICE)


Affirmative: Sub+Had +Been + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Negative: Sub+Had+NOT + Been +Past Participle+By Phrase.
Question: Had + Sub + Been + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

I had fixed the car.


The car had been fixed by me.
She had eaten lunch by the time I came.
Lunch had been eaten by her by the time I came.
He hadnt sold the car before I called him.
The car hadnt been sold by him before I called
him.
Note: Independent Clause is changed to Passive Voice.

SIMPLE FUTURE (PASSIVE VOICE)

Affirmative: Sub +Will + Be + Past Participle + By Phrase.


Negative: Sub + Will+ NOT + Be +Past Participle + By Phrase.
Question: Will + Sub + Be + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

They will play Cricket.


Cricket will be played by them.
Will you solve my problems before I go school ?
Will my problems be solved by you before I go school?
He will not write your assignments.
Your assignments will not be written by him.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
VOICE)

(PASSIVE

Affirmative: Sub +Will + Be + Being + Past Participle + By Phrase.


Negative: Sub + Will + NOT + Be Being + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Question: Will + Sub + Be Being + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

They will be playing Cricket.


Cricket will be being played by them.
Will she be cooking dinner ?
Will dinner be being cooked by her ?
He will not be writing letters.
Letters will not be being written by him.

FUTURE PERFECT (PASSIVE VOICE)


Affirmative: Sub + Will + Have + Been + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Negative: Sub + Will + NOT + Have Been + Past Participle + By Phrase.
Question: Will + Sub + Have Been + Past Participle + By Phrase ?
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:
Active:
Passive:

We will have completed our reports.


Our reports will have been completed by us.
Will you have given him a candy?
Will a candy have been given to him by you?
I will not have taught my students on Friday.
My students will not have been taught by me on Friday.

REMARKS ! Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous &


Future Perfect Continuous Tenses are not formal in Passive Voice

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