ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

Ancient civilizations are a group of people

who lived in the past and who had things like
Agriculture and writing and sports. They also
had culture and religion and technology.

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A TIME LINE OF HOW
PEOPLE USED TO MESSAGE.
2010

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1990

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1980

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Ancient Egypt survived between 3100BC to
30BC.They used hieroglyphics to communicate
and keep track of things. Hieroglyphics were
made up of about 750 signs. Here is a picture
of hieroglyphics.

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 Boats were a big part of both travel and trade in Ancient Egypt
because of the Nile River. There were many different kinds of
boats, but the first boats were made of papyrus reeds. The reeds
were bound with papyrus rope, which is made from reed fibers.
This boat wasn’t in style forever. By 3200 BC, timber was being
imported from Lebanon to build wooden ships instead.
 They had ferries so people without boats could cross the Nile.
These ferries carried people and goods across and along the
river. Royal boats allowed the pharaoh and his family to ride in
style. A huge canopy protected the royal family from the sun and
people staring at them. The Egyptians even had cattle boats.
These boats had wide flat decks for the cattle. The farmers would
do almost anything to protect their cattle because their cattle was
where most of their money came from.

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The best way the ancient Egyptians knew how
to preserve a body was to mummify it. The
poor placed the bodies of their dead relatives
out in the sun, in the desert sand. The bodies
mummified naturally. Anyone who could
afford it went to a professional mummy
maker. People wanted to look their best in
their afterlife.

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The Egyptian climate with its hot summers and mild
winters favored light clothing made from plant fibers,
predominantly linen and in Roman times occasionally
cotton, an import from India. Wool was used to a
lesser extent [, and seldom by Egyptians proper.    
Small amounts of silk were traded to the eastern
Mediterranean possibly as early as the second half of
the second millennium BCE and traces of silk have
been found in Egyptian tombs [  Animal skins, above
all leopard skins, were sometimes worn by priests and
by pharaohs in their role as first servants of the god.
Such outfits were found in Tutankhamen's tomb and
were depicted quite frequently on the walls of tombs.
At times kings and queens wore decorative
ceremonial clothing adorned with feathers.

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 During Egypt's Old Kingdom (time line), the pharaohs established a
stable central government in the fertile Nile Valley. Perhaps the
greatest testaments to their power were the pyramids and other
tombs built to shelter them in the afterlife. Ancient Egyptians
believed that when the pharaoh died, he became Osiris,
king of the dead. The new pharaoh became Horus, god of
the heavens and protector of the sun god. This cycle was
symbolized by the rising and setting of the sun.Some part
of a dead pharaoh's spirit, called his ka, was believed to
remain with his body. And it was thought that if the corpse
did not have proper care, the former pharaoh would not be
able to carry out his new duties as king of the dead. If this
happened, the cycle would be broken and disaster would
befall Egypt.To prevent such a catastrophe, each dead
pharaoh was mummified, which preserved his body.
Everything the king would need in his afterlife was
provided in his grave—vessels made of clay, stone, and
gold, furniture, food, even doll-like representations of
servants, known as ushabti. His body would continue to
receive food offerings long after his death.
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