HYPERTENSION

Prepared by: Prof. Gloria Shiela

Edmilao- Coyoca

Over 276 Filipinos die of

heart disease everyday.;

At least one Filipino

suffers from stroke

every nine minutes
Reference: (Department of
Health, 2014)

https://www.google.com
.ph

Escalate to

1.56 billion
(2025)
Reference:

World health
report 2002

What is Blood Pressure?

is the product

of cardiac
output
multiplied by

peripheral
resistance.

Cardiac output
is the

volume of
blood
pumped by
the heart per
minute (mL
blood/min).

DIURETCS
Clorpres
Hyzaar
Dyazide
Lasix
Demadex

Approved Herbal Medicine By

Philippine Department Of Health

Banaba

Herb

Sambong

(Blumea
balsamifera
L.)

Lemongrass

(fever grass)
Vitamins A &C,

folate, zinc, iron,

potassium,phosph
orus, calcium

Peripheral vascular
resistance
a resistance to

the flow of blood

determined by
the tone of the
vascular
musculature and

the diameter
of the blood
vessels.

What is Hypertension?
is a condition

where the
persons blood
pressure is
persistently
elevated
beyond what is
medically
considered
normal level.

Blood Pressure
CATEGORY
mmHg
SBP 90 -119 or DBP
Normal
60 -79
Pre
SBP 120- 129 or DBP
hypertension 80 - 89
SBP 130 159 or DBP
Stage 1 HTN
90 - 99
SBP >160 or
Stage 2 HTN
DBP>100

Types of Hypertension

Primary

hypertension

Secondary

hypertension

What is White-Coat
Hypertension?

Silent Killer"
Headache
Dizziness
blurred vision
nausea and

vomiting
Chest pain & DOB

Complications:
Myocardial

infarction
Heart failure
Cerebrovascular

accident (stroke
or brain attack)
Renal Failure

Abdominal aortic
aneurysm
A localized sac or

dilation formed at a
weak point in the artery.
Atherosclerosis
affects men four times

more often than women

Prevalent in elderly

patients
Ref: Rutherford, 2009

Risk factors
genetic

predisposition
tobacco use
hypertension(m

ore than half of

the patient)

Clinical Manifestations
Only 40% have

symptoms
complain that

they can feel their

heart beating in
their abdomen
when lying down
Feel an abdominal

mass

Implication
Avoid

massage(Hilot)?
Rupture

Death

Risk factors

Age

Age-Associated Cardiovascular
Changes
Increased wall thickening & arterial
wall stiffening

+
Endothelial dysfunction
Elevated blood pressure
Left ventricular hypertrophy

Neuroprotection by
estrogen
Suzuki, S., Brown,

C. M., & Wise, P.

M. (2009).
Neuroprotective
effects of estrogens
following ischemic
stroke. Frontiers in
neuroendocrinology
, 30(2), 201-211.

Zhang, B., Subramanian, S., Dziennis,

S., Jia, J., Uchida, M., Akiyoshi, K., ... &
Hurn, P. D. (2010). Estradiol and G1
reduce infarct size and improve
immunosuppression after experimental
stroke. The Journal of Immunology,
184(8), 4087-4094.

 Suzuki, S., Brown, C.

M., & Wise, P. M.

(2006). Mechanisms
of neuroprotection by
estrogen. Endocrine,
29(2), 209-215

Brann, D. W., Dhandapani, K., Wakade,

C., Mahesh, V. B., & Khan, M. M. (2007).
Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions
of estrogen: basic mechanisms and
clinical implications. Steroids, 72(5), 381405.

 Family history

Being

overweight or
obese

Not being physically

active

Using tobacco
Alcohol
Stress

Too much salt

(sodium) in your
diet.
High salt

consumption(WHO,
2015 )
< 2 g/day sodium

Sauces & Salad

Dressings
Cured Meat & Fish

(Bacon, Cooked)
Cheese
Pickles (Cucumber)
Instant Soups

(Beef Noodle)

Roasted and

Salted Nuts &

Seeds (Pumpkin
Seeds)
Snacks (Pretzels)
Fast Foods (Egg &

Ham Biscuit)
Canned Vegetables

(Sweet Peppers)

Too little

potassium in your
diet.

 Studies show

that people
with chronic
disease have
low levels of
Vitamin D.

 prevalent among

Filipinos, with 7 out of

10 working adults.
Ref:https://www.google.c

om.ph/webhp?
sourceid=chromeinstant&ion=1&espv=2&
ie=UTF-8#(March 2015)
Unilab in partnership

with Hi-Precision
Diagnostics

Potassium supplementation can

reduce the need for
antihypertensive medication.

Horacio J.

Adrogu, M.D.,
and Nicolaos E.
Madias,
M.D(2007)

81% of the subjects

needed less than half

of the baseline
medication
38% required no

antihypertensive
medication for
blood-pressure
control

29%

9%

 In a 12 year prospective

study, Khaw and BarrettConnor found that a 10 mmol

increase in daily
potassium intake was
associated with a 40%

reduction in deaths from

stroke among 859 men and
women.
Ref: He, F. J., & MacGregor, G.

A. (2001). Fortnightly review:

beneficial effects of
potassium. BMJ: British
Medical Journal, 323(7311),
497.

Vitamin D status and arterial

hypertension: a systematic review
Pilz, Stefan et

al., 2009

vitamin-D-

deficient patients
have elevated
blood pressure

Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and

prevention of autoimmune diseases,
cancers, and cardiovascular disease

Michael F Holick,

2004 (The
American Journal
of CLINICAL
NUTRITION)

510 min of

exposure (2-3
times per week)

 Nitric oxide (stored in

the top layers of the skin)

Trigger the skin to

synthetize more
nitric oxide

Ref: Steven Reinberg, 2015

WebMD News from HealthDay

Foods High in Nitric Oxide

Dark greenleafy

vegetables
Robert Furchgott, Lewis

Ignarro, and Ferid

Murad,(Nobel Prize for
Medicine, 1998)

Beets
Strawberries
Melons

Vitamin C +

Garlic

Ginseng

Raw Cacao

Onions

Laughter

 Feel better
Exercise better

Think more

clearly
Erectile strength

increases

 The 35 year Harvard

NursesHealth Study
uncovered some
amazing insights.
Researches discovered
that over the course of
15 years, consuming the
amount of cholesterol
found in a single egg
each day shortens a
womanslife asmuch as
if shed smoked five
cigarettes a day!

The most protective behavior was

fiber consumption. Eating a cup of
oatmeal per day appears to extend
a womans life as much as does
four hours of jogging per week.

 Three months post-

intervention, the
treatment group exhibited
significant reductions :
Blood Pressure

significant increases in :
peacefulness

positive outlook

workplace satisfaction a

stress symptoms
depression,
psychological distress

and significant increases

in peacefulness and
positive outlook.

value of contribution.

Ref:McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., &

Tomasino, D. (2003). Impact of a
workplace stress reduction program on
blood pressure and emotional health in
hypertensive employees. The Journal of
Alternative & Complementary
Medicine, 9(3), 355-369.