Small Cell RF Design Guidelines

In-building Small Cell RF Design
Guidelines
Mohan Kuppusamy nASG Small Cell Design SME
mk1411@att.com
804-201-2110 (office)
804-539-3418 (cell)
2011 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. AT&T and the AT&T logo are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property.0
AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies except under written agreement
ALU 9363 Metrocell Access Point (MAP)
Page
2
Logical View Metrocell Network

Nationwide eight
(8) RDC
Santa Clara, CA,

Santa Ana, CA,
Carrolton, TX,
Hazelwood, MO,
Rochelle Park, NJ,
Columbia, MD,
Decatur, GA,
Lake Mary, FL
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3
Logical MAP Layout inside the venue
Page
4
IP Switches
Deploy ALU Omni 6450-U24 IP switch in the MDF
-
24 port
MDF is the main telco room (telco demarcation point) in the building
DHCP capable
Interface to the outside IP link to RDC
6450-U24 s witch
data s heet
Deploy ALU Omni 6450-P10 switch in the IDF

-
10 port
IDF is the telco/power closet in each floor
6450-P10 s witch
data s heet
Page
5
Capacity model for ALU 9363

Call model
-voice usage 20 mEr/user

-normal data usage 80 mEr/user
-high intensity data usage 100 mEr/user
- Erlang B model with 2% blocking rate
From Erlang B table for 2% blocking rate, max. offered capacity of 32 user Metrocell is 23.7 Er.
Case 1 (voice + normal data usage)
-Can support up to 237 users
Case 2 (voice +high intensity data usage)

-Can support up to 197 users
Using a de-rating (safety) factor of 2, ASG recommends 100 AT&T users per Metrocell.
Page
6
Typical Antennas used for In-building
Page
7
AT&T, Indianapolis 240, 220 Building

Building floor7
Local
Local RAN
RAN Team
Team is
is
in
in Building
Building 220
220
Floor
Floor 77
220
buildin
g
220
220 NN Meridian
Meridian St
St
Page: 8
240
240 NN Meridian
Meridian St
St
Design Layout of 240 Building

floor7
220
buildin
g
Page: 9
RSCP leakage on st. w/ existing panel
Page:
10
Antenna pattern
Page:
11
RSCP w/ XEA-165-00
Page:
12
Antennas
Page:
13
RSCP w/ Omni 36 away from outer wall

No sign of
PSC 28
Page:
14
RSCP w/ existing Cellmax panel
Page:
15
RSCP w/ XEA-165-00
Page:
16
RSCP w/ Omni at 36 away from outer

wall
Page:
17
Conclusion
For in-building applications its very difficult to avoid any metallic or RF
shadowing objects in the near field pattern for a panel antenna
So always try to use omni antenna for in-building venues.
Page:
18
Femto Channel
Each county is allocated same UMTS channel for consumer femto and indoor Metrocells
- mostly PCS band

- some in 850 band (Marion, OR, Dade, FL, etc.)
-mostly rastered (overlap w/ existing macro ch.)
-Orange county, CA femto ch 9810 (1962 Mhz), macro ch 562 (1962.5) 500 Khz shift or 4.5 Mhz
overlap with macro ch 562
-Dade county, FL femto ch 4445(889 Mhz), macro ch 4433(886.6) 1.4 Mhz shift or 3.6 Mhz overlap
with macro ch 4433
- Denver, CO femto ch 9725 (1945 Mhz) is in between two macro ch 462 (1942.5), 487 (1947.5) 2.4
Mhz shift or 2.4 Mhz overlap
- some counties like Cook, IL femto ch 412, Orange, FL femto ch 612 do NOT overlap w/ macro carriers
Currently AT&T is carving out 2 nd carrier from 1900 UMTS spectrum
-femto ch re-tuned as 850 Mhz rastered carrier

-Richmond, Norfolk, VA, Carolina mkts., Phoenix, AZ do not have 850 Mhz spectrum, so femto ch will
remain rastered 1900 Mhz ch
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19
Dominance Criterion
Per Qualcomm interference analysis, rastered carrier is essentially INTRA carrier from interference
perspective
Center Freq. offset (Mhz) Interference rejection (dB)

0.2 (4.8 Mhz overlapping)
5 (non- overlapping)
0
2
5
33
Metrocell deployment in a rastered carrier strategy requires dominance over existing macro RSCP inside the
venue
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20
Dominance Criterion (contd)

Consider a simple case 1 MAP inside building, 1 macro sector outside the building
m RSCP
MAP RSCP
BPL
Define building penetration loss = BPL (dB)
-MAP dominance criteria= DC (dB)

- external macro RSCP= m RSCP (dBm)
-designed MAP RSCP = MAP RSCP (dBm )
Isolation between macro & MAP= external macro RSCP (designed MAP RSCP -BPL)
Isolation
= m RSCP- MAP RSCP+BPL
designed MAP RSCP= m RSCP- BPL +DC

Sub. equ.2 in to equ. 1
equ. 1
equ.2
Isolation = m RSCP- m RSCP+BPL-DC+BPL

Outside the building, Isolation between macro RSCP & MAP RSCP
= 2*BPL -DC
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21
RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions

Let us look at the below examples under the following conditions:
-Dominant MAP RSCP = Dominant macro RSCP+ DC
-MAP1 RSCP < Dominant MAP RSCP- 5 dB
-MAP2 RSCP < Dominant MAP RSCP -6 dB
On street dominant m RSCP (assumption @-75 dBm)

-On st. m1 RSCP= dominant m RSCP- 3 dB
-On st. m2 RSCP= dominant m RSCP - 4 dB
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RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions,

BPL=25 dB
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23

BPL=20 dB
Page
24

BPL=15 dB
Page
25

BPL=10 dB
Page
26
+6 dB dominance over the rastered macro carrier gives best Metro Ec/Io inside the building and good
isolation between macro & leaked Metro outside the building
No need the dominant over INTER carrier macros because 33 dB of interference rejection factor
Page
27
Definition of Poor coverage
Per AT&T tool Hetnet Analysis Reporting Process (HARP) wireless coverage needs to be
improved
- RSCP <-95 dBm

OR
- Ec/Io <-13 dB
Current recommendation is to add Metrocells only if the above conditions are met in atleast
10 % of the any floor area in both 1900 & 850 bands
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28
Idle mode & DCH HO

Due to MAP being deployed in femto ch, idle mode will be thro. Intersearch and DCH will be in IFHO
Idle mode interserach
-
AT&T macro network has to meet Ec/Io= -8 dB (Squal+ Qqualmin) before the UE measures other
carriers
Squal=16, Qqualmin= - 24 dB
Then use Qoffset2 to push up the rank to the top so that MAP is always re-selected if -8dB criteria is
met
DCH HO
(IFHO mode)
-1900 band can be IFHO enabled by mRAN
-mRAN will NOT enable IFHO in 850 band
-have to meet 2d threshold of RSCP < -115 dBm, Ec/Io=-15 dB to trigger compressed mode, so that other
frequencies can be measured
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29
Building 220 -- TEMS Pocket LTEMetroMacroLTE Reselections
Page
30
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
Design Requirements
Inside the building UEs should idle in MAP
Hand out to macro
- MAP RSCP <-104 dBm or Ec/Io < -14 dB
Hand in from macro on non-overlapping carriers if 2d thresholds are met
Low RSCP <-95 dBm on overlapping macro carrier, design MAP network for -85 dBm
Overlapping macro RSCP between (pilot pollution) -91 to -80 dBm, design w/ +6 dB dominance
Overlapping macro RSCP between (pilot pollution) -79 to -70 dBm, design for partial MAP coverage
- All the MAPs in partial coverage will to have be GW
Overlapping macro RSCP > -70 dBm, do NOT deploy MAP
- Pilot pollution scenario for MAP
- Sniffing will not work due to Rx. Saturation from nearby neighboring MAP
Ec/Io -12 dB at 50% loading
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31
Design Requirements
Pilot pollution
-
Within 4 dB of the best server

% area with 4 servers should be < 2%
Within 10 dB of the best server
RF Leakage Criteria (RSCP) < -105 dBm @ 100 feet
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32
Grid, Gateway designations

ALL MAP can do HO between each other regardless of Grid or GW designation
Grid MAP
- NO hand in or hand out to macro
- Can have PSC re-use among Grid
- Auto PSC ALU SON algorithm
1 way Grid MAP
- NO hand in from macro
- Hand out allowed to macro
- Can have PSC re-use among Grid
- Auto PSC ALU SON algorithm
Gateway(GW) MAP can HO (both ways) to macro and Grid MAP
-
need GW designation for both idle mode & DCH HO

Unique PSC because macro NL needs to defined with it
1 way GW MAP
-
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33
need to designate an interior MAP as GW for DCH HO because 2d threshold may not met for
the MAP near entrance
Hand in allowed from macro
NO hand out to macro
Survey Color Templates

RSCP Thresholds (dBm)
> -70
-70 to -80
-80 to -91
-91 to -95
-95 to -115
-115 to -140
Color
Ec/Io Thresholds (dB) Color

0 to -8
-8 to -13
-13 to -15
-15 to -23
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34
IB wave Design
Propagation model tuning
-Tune both 1900 Mhz , 850 Mhz models

Propagation models have to be tuned for office building, multi-story apt. buildings, warehouse type
buildings
--Target to achieve mean error -2 to 2 dB and standard deviation < 6 dB
Using IB wave design tool ver 6.4.3, generate the following plots
-RSCP plot per floor that meets at least 95% of the floor area is covered by the identified in
the design threshold table
-Ec/Io plot per floor that -12 dB w/ 50% loading for 95% of the area
-import overlapping macro carr. In to IB wave
-property dialog select macro signal as a interferer
-Best server plot per floor w/ adjacent floor propagation enabled
-Coverage overlap plot (soft hand off plot) per floor w/ adjacent floor propagation enabled
-RF leakage plot for only floor1 showing RSCP levels at 100 away from the external wall
Never exceed composite power of 19 dBm, unless authorized by AT&T ASG team
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35
Advanced Energy survey 487 (1900 Mhz) RSCP
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36
Advanced Energy survey 487 (1900 Mhz) Ec/Io
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37
Advanced Energy survey 4359 (850 Mhz) RSCP
Page
38
Advanced Energy survey 4359 (850 Mhz) Ec/Io
Page
39
Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 1900 RSCP
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40
Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 1900 Ec/Io
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41
Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 850 RSCP
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Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 850 Ec/Io
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43
Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor 1 1900 RSCP
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44
Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor1 1900 Ec/Io
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Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor1 850 RSCP
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48
49
50
Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2 1900 RSCP
51
Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2 1900 Ec/Io
52
Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2, 850 RSCP
53
Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2, 850 Ec/Io
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In-building Small Cell RF Design

ALU 9363 Metrocell Access Point (MAP)

Logical View Metrocell Network

Santa Clara, CA,

Logical MAP Layout inside the venue

Deploy ALU Omni 6450-P10 switch in the IDF

Capacity model for ALU 9363

-voice usage 20 mEr/user

Case 2 (voice +high intensity data usage)

Typical Antennas used for In-building

AT&T, Indianapolis 240, 220 Building

Design Layout of 240 Building

RSCP leakage on st. w/ existing panel

RSCP w/ Omni 36 away from outer wall

RSCP w/ existing Cellmax panel

RSCP w/ Omni at 36 away from outer

So always try to use omni antenna for in-building venues.

- mostly PCS band

Currently AT&T is carving out 2 nd carrier from 1900 UMTS spectrum

-femto ch re-tuned as 850 Mhz rastered carrier

Center Freq. offset (Mhz) Interference rejection (dB)

Dominance Criterion (contd)

Define building penetration loss = BPL (dB)

-MAP dominance criteria= DC (dB)

= m RSCP- MAP RSCP+BPL

designed MAP RSCP= m RSCP- BPL +DC

Isolation = m RSCP- m RSCP+BPL-DC+BPL

RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions

On street dominant m RSCP (assumption @-75 dBm)

RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions,

RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions,

RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions,

RSCP dominance Criteria under practical conditions,

Definition of Poor coverage

- RSCP <-95 dBm

Idle mode & DCH HO

Building 220 -- TEMS Pocket LTEMetroMacroLTE Reselections

Within 4 dB of the best server

RF Leakage Criteria (RSCP) < -105 dBm @ 100 feet

Grid, Gateway designations

need GW designation for both idle mode & DCH HO

Survey Color Templates

Ec/Io Thresholds (dB) Color

-Tune both 1900 Mhz , 850 Mhz models

Advanced Energy survey 487 (1900 Mhz) RSCP

Advanced Energy survey 487 (1900 Mhz) Ec/Io

Advanced Energy survey 4359 (850 Mhz) RSCP

Advanced Energy survey 4359 (850 Mhz) Ec/Io

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 1900 RSCP

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 1900 Ec/Io

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 850 RSCP

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis basement 850 Ec/Io

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor 1 1900 RSCP

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor1 1900 Ec/Io

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor1 850 RSCP

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor1 850 Ec/Io

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor2 1900 RSCP

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor2 1900 Ec/Io

Neiman Marcus, St. Louis floor2 850 RSCP

Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2 1900 RSCP

Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2 1900 Ec/Io

Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2, 850 RSCP

Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 2, 850 Ec/Io

Chicago Mercantile, NY Floor 6, 1900 RSCP