Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
learning/teaching
Cem Balçıkanlı
Language Acquisition
2010 Spring
OUTLINE
• Education, Learning,
Language and Teaching
• Learning Theories
• Language Teaching
Methodology
Education, Learning, Language
and Teaching
• Learning a (second) language is a long and complex undertaking.
• What are the factors that affect HOW and WHY one learns or
fails to learn a second language?
( a two-minute task, think as many factors as you recall, and write
them on a piece of paper)
The factors that affect language
learning process
WHO
WHAT
HOW
WHEN
WHERE
WHY
WHO?
Learners Teachers
Where do they come from?
What are their native languages? What are their native
What are their socioeconomic languages?
levels? Are they experienced
Who are their parents?
enough?
What are their intellectual
levels? What sort of training do
What sort of personalities do they
they have? have?
Psychological and sociological
perspectives?
What sort of personalities
do
they have?
Knowledge of the second
language and its culture?
WHAT?
What is that the learner must learn and the teacher teach?
What is communication?
What is learning?
What is language?
Possible connections?
What determines the way you
teach?
Your understanding of the components of language
determines to a
large extent how you teach.
• Nonverbal communication
• Pieces programmatically taught
• Cultural issues in an interactive way
• Operant conditioning
• Deductive rather than inductive proces
Learning & Teaching
“Learning is relatively permanent change in a behavioral
tendency
and is the result of reinforced practice.”
(Kimble & Garmezy, 1963: 133)
(Brown, 2001: 7)
What is learning to you?
It absolutely affects
• classrooom techniques
Learning Theories
1. STRUCTURALISM/BEHAVIORISM
2. RATIONALISM/COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
3. CONSTRUCTIVISM
STRUCTURALISM/BEHAVIORISM
The 1940/1950s, school of linguistics
Bloomfield, Sapir, Hockett, Fries
A rigorous application of the scientific principle of observation of human
languages.
“Only the publicly observable responses could be subject to investigation”
The linguist’s task is TO DESCRIBE HUMAN LANGUAGES and identify the
structural characteristics of those languages.
Language could be dismantled into small pieces or units. These units could be
described scientifically, contrasted abd added up again to form the whole.
…with each new method breaking from the old but at the
same taking with
it some of the positve aspects of previous paradigm.
GMT
DM
ALM
The Impact of Psychology on Language
Teaching
… the value of group work…
…the use of numerous self-help strategies
…the nature of communication and communicative
competence
…explanations of the interactive process of language
…the importance of self-esteem
…developing individual strategies for success
CONCERNS?