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Study of Four Wave Mixing in a DWDM PON

Nauman Hameed, Usman Mushtaq


Department of Telecommunication Engineering
Abstract
Dense wavelength-division-multiplexed passive network
(DWDM-PON) has been acknowledged as an appealing
solution for the NGN optical access networks. Due to of its
large capacity, network security, channel-independence and
per-user-based enhancement flexibility it offers unique
characteristics for broadband optical access services. In
DWDM-PON system each customer is allocated a discrete
color (wavelength). Major Nonlinear effects occurring in
DWDM Passive Optical Networks need to be analyzed for
better quality of service. Parameters which are responsible for
the generation of FWM are simulated, discussed and
compared their results to reduce the impact of FWM and
Optisystem is operated to demonstrate the solution
feasibility.
Keywords: DWDM, PON, Four Wave Mixing, Optisystem,
Access Network, Quality of Service.

Methodology

Phase
-2
Define
Problem
Literature
Review

Phase
-1

Design of
DWDM
PON using
Optisystem
Introducing
Non-Linear
effects
Parameters
Evaluation
using
Simulative
Analysis

Results

CONCLUSION

Effect of Range

Four wave mixing effect is analyzed in a DWDM PON system


while varying five parameters (i.e. Range, Spacing, Input
Power, data rate, number of channels). It has been observed
that increase in link range also increases the efficiency of
FWM components as interaction between light pulses
increases with distance. FWM effect increases with decrease
in spacing between adjacent channels. Therefore, lower
spacing yields more FWM components. Input power is having
substantial effect on the DWDM system because FWM is
generated as a result of nonlinear dependence of refractive
index on power. Increase in input power results in increment
in FWM sidebands. Results can be improved by using low
input power but it will result in low SNR. Previous literature
review depicts that effect of FWM is not significant on data
rate. Lastly, increasing number of channels, increases FWM
effect due to increase in number of interacting pulses.
FWM suppression is done using rectangular filter before DeMux. Rectangular filter removes all the FWM components
and doesnt add any distortion to the original signals.

Detailed
Results
Conclusion
Report

Phase
-3
Effect of Spacing

Typical Diagram of DWDM PON

Four Wave Mixing


When two or more light pulses are propagating in a WDM or
DWDM optical system, these pulses tend to interact with each
other producing new pulses in the neighboring spectrum of the
signal.

Effect of Input Power

Proposed System

Effect of number of channels


Figure 1(a): Signal spectrum after Mux before transmission. (b) Signal
spectrum after propagation through optical fiber.

Let i, j and k are three different wavelengths of different


channels, travelling along in a single medium (SMF). These
pulses tend to overlap and generate new frequencies. If the
newly produced pulses lie on any of the designated
wavelength then crosstalk is induced in the system, which is
termed as FWM.

Objectives
Major Nonlinear effects occurring in DWDM Passive
Optical Networks need to be analyzed for better quality of
service.
Design of a DWDM PON while enabling all the major nonlinear factors.
Evaluation of certain parameters under the influence of
Four Wave Mixing
Suppression of Four Wave Mixing

Design Approach
First of all, DWDM passive optical network is designed
and simulated using Optisystem.
Nonlinear effects are introduced to evaluate FWM.
Certain parameters (i.e. Range, Spacing, Input Power, data
rate, number of channels) are analyzed using iterations.
Results are generated using spectrum analyzer and BER
analyzer in Optisystem.
FWM suppression is performed using rectangular filter.

FWM suppression using Rectangular


Filter
Rectangular
Filter

References
Wason, Amit, and R. S. Kaler. "Investigation of four wave
mixing effect with different number of input channels at various
channel spacing." Optik-International Journal for Light and
Electron Optics 124.20 (2013): 4227-4230.
Kaur, Gurmeet, and M. L. Singh. "Effect of four-wave mixing in
WDM optical fibre systems." Optik-International Journal for
Light and Electron Optics 120.6 (2009): 268-273.
El-Halafawy, F. Z., M. H. Aly, and M. A. A. EI-Bary. "FourWave Mixing Crosstalk in DWDM Optical Fiber
Systems." Radio Science Conference, 2006. NRSC 2006.
Proceedings of the Twenty Third National. IEEE, 2006.
Rasheed, Iftikhar, et al. "Analyzing the non-linear effects at
various power levels and channel counts on the performance of
DWDM based optical fiber communication system." Emerging
Technologies (ICET), 2012 International Conference on. IEEE,
2012.
Meena, D., et al. "A Novel Analytical Study of Different
Channel Allocations and FWM Efficiencies in Optical WDM
Systems." (2012).
Ahmed, Jameel, et al. "Parametric analysis of four wave mixing
in DWDM systems." Optik-International Journal for Light and
Electron Optics 125.7 (2014): 1853-1859.

Acknowledgments
All thanks and praise to the Allah almighty who blessed us
with health, intellect and certain resources to complete our
work in time. Secondly, the life of our Holy Prophet (SAW) is
a role model for us to excel in every field of our life. Thirdly,
this whole work will not be possible as it is done without the
guidance of our respected supervisor.
Lastly, the sincere prayers of our parents and never ending
support of our fellows is also appreciable in every manner.

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