SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

Prepared By:- Kishan Patel

15MMCC20

Shape Memory Alloy

Shape Memory Alloys demonstrate a unique ability to

recover permanent strains when they are heated above a
certain temperature. Example: Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Al, Fe-Mn-Si,
Ni-Ti(Nitinol) etc.
Shape
Memory
Effect

Superelastici
ty
Shape
Memory
Alloys

High
Strains

High
Sensitivit
y

High
Permanent
Strength

Phase Transformation of SMAs:

SMAs have two stable states : Austenite and Martensite

AUSTENITE

stronger & compact phase

phase
cubic shape
exits at higher temperature
temperatures

MARTENSITE
soft & easily deformed
twinned shape
exits at lower

Conti.

Shape memory effect of an SMA

showing the detwinning
of the material with an applied
stress

Shape memory effect of an SMA

showing the unloading
and subsequent heating to
austenite under no load
condition

Conti..

Temperature-induced phase
transformation in the presence of
applied
load

A pseudoelastic loading path

Shape Memory Effect

Stress-strain-temperature data exhibiting the shape memory effect

for a
typical NiTi SMA.

One and Two Way Shape Memory Effect

.
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One-way effect - cooling from high temperatures does not

cause a
macroscopic shape change.
Two-way effect - material remembers two different shapes:
one at low temperatures, and one at the high temperature
shape.
Macroscopically
Mechanism of One
Way Shape Memory
Effect: (a) Martensite,
(b) Loaded and
deformed in
martensite phase T
Mf ,
(c) Heated above Tf
As(austenite),
(d) Cooling to
martensite T Mf.

Thermal Energy Recovery System

Requirement of recovery:
Around 60% of all energy is lost as waste heat; 90% of this
waste heat is at temperatures less than 200C and termed
low grade because of the inability of most heat-recovery
technologies to operate effectively in this range.

The principle of SMAs of expansion and contraction can be

used directly as mechanical energy output or used to drive
an electric generators.

Advantages Of thermal heat recovery System

Increase the energy efficiency of power generation systems

that produce waste heat, such as engines in vehicles,
generators, and power plants significantly reducing the
amount of oil the World needs to import each year.
It could eliminate over tons of carbon dioxide emissions if
applied to a vehicle system.

A System for Car that can detect and repair dents:

Shape Memory Wires are embedded in cars body, position and shape
of SMA wires are fixed and known to computer system.
When a force imposed on cars body, the force can be detected by
Tactile Sensor or Strain Gauge and they are connected with computer
system. And if a dent was detected on surface of the car, the cars
computer could send an electric current through an embedded SMA
wire and it will generate the heat which cause SMA wires would return
to its original position.

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Underwater Coupling:
Underwater Coupling
of
two pipes is
difficult, since
heating process
cannot be done
there.
Shape Memory Alloys
can be used to
construct reliable
coupling over the
pipe.

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Advantages:

Bio-Compatibility
Diverse fields of application
Good mechanical properties
1. High strength
2. Corrosion resistance
Easy Installation (make system light weight)
Actuating property
Magnetic shape memory effects
Eco-friendly

Disadvantages:

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High cost
Fatigue problem

Reference

K. OTSUKA AND C. M. WAYMAN, SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY.

Introduction to Shape Memory Alloys P. K. Kumar and D. C. Lagoudas
P PAPPAS, D BOLLAS, J PARTHENIOS, "TRANSFORMATION FAITGUE AND
STRESS RELAXATION OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY WIRES,2007.
ABBAS L.K, MARZOCCA P., NON-LINEAR AEROELASTIC INVESTIGATIONS
OF STORE(S)-INDUCED LIMIT CYCLE OSCILLATIONS, J. AEROSP. ENG. 222,
2008, 6380.
BARZEGARI.M , AEROELASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CANTILEVER WING
WITH EMBEDDED SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS, ACTA ASTRONAUTICA,MAY
2012
C. LIANG, C.A. ROGERS, ONE-DIMENSIONAL THERMO-MECHANICAL
CONSTI- TUTIVE RELATIONS FOR SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS, J. INTELL.
MATER. SYST. STRUCT. 8 ,1990,258302.

Thank You

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