Database

-is an organized collection of data. The data are typically

organized to model aspects of reality in a way that
supports processes requiring information.

Purpose of Database Systems

Data redundancy and inconsistency
Difficulty in accessing data
Data isolation multiple files and formats
Integrity problems
Atomicity of updates
Concurrent access by multiple users
Security problems

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Types of Database
Database Management System - is a single or set of
computer programs that are responsible for creating,
editing, deleting and generally maintaining a database
or collection of data records.
-

Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS)- are

the most widely used database management systems
today. The relational model relies on normalizing data
within rows and columns in tables.
RDMS can implement:
o Create
o Read
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o Update

 Flat File Based Database Management Systems - are

probably the simplest of them all, come in human
readable text formats as well as in binary formats.

Hierarchical Database Management Systems operates on the parent child tree-like model. These
normally have a 1:N relationship and are good for
storing data with items describing attributes, features
and so on.
Network Database Management Systems - uses a
data model similar to Hierarchical database
management systems The major difference here is
that the tree structure in the Network models can
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have a many parent to many child relational model.

 Object-oriented Database Management Systems borrow from the model of the Object-oriented
programming paradigm. In this database model, the
Object and its data or attributes are seen as one ad
accessed through pointers rather than stored in
relational table models.
-

Kinds of Database
- Relational Databases
- Hypermedia
Database
- Operational Databases
- Navigational
Database
- Database Warehouses
- In-Memory
Database
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- Distributed Databases
- Document-

Relationship
- is a situation that exists between two relational
database tables when one table has a foreign key that
references the primary key of the other table.
Relationships allow relational databases to split and
store data in different tables, while linking disparate
data items.
Types of Relationship
One-to-Many Relationship
Many-to-Many Relationships
One-to-One Relationships

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Characteristic of well-designed Database

Minimize data redundancy
Minimize data restructuring
Minimize I/O by redesign transaction sizes
Enforcing referencing integrity.
-

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Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database
http://www.my-project-managementexpert.com/different-types-of-databases.html
http://www.brighthub.com/internet/webdevelopment/articles/110654.aspx
http://www.agiledata.org/essays/relationalDatab
ases.html#sthash.Qff6LIAe.dpuf
http://www.techopedia.com/definition/24438/rela
tionship-databases
http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms190651%28v=sql.105%29.aspx

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