GRAPHS

OF
FUNCTIONS
II

2.1

Graphs of functions.

a)

Graphs of linear functions

y
y = 2x + 3
11
rbinag@hotmail.com

Example 1

10

Draw the graph of the function

y = 2x + 3 for 0 x 4

9
8

11

6
5

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

y-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

By plotting the ordered pairs

from the table, the graph as
drawn on the right is obtained.

2
1
0

Try this

-1

-4

-7

y
6
rbinag@hotmail.com

Draw the graph of the

function y = 2 3x for -1 x
4
x
-1
0
1
2
3

-10
-1

-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12

y = 2 3x

b)

Graphs of quadratic functions

y

Example 2

22

Draw the graph of the function

y = 2x2 + 6x + 2 for -4 x 2

20

-4

-3

-2

-1

16

10

-2

-2

10

22

14

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

rbinag@hotmail.com

18

12

y = 2x2 + 6x + 2

10

y-axis 2 cm to 2 unit

8
6
4
2
-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-2

Example 3

Draw the graph of the function

y = 4x - 4x2 for -2 x 4
-2

-1

-24

-8

-8

-24 - 48

-2

-1

0
-5
-10

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

-15

y-axis 2 cm to 5 unit

-20

rbinag@hotmail.com

5
4

-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50

y = 4x - 4x2

c)

Graphs of cubic functions

y
60

Draw the graph of the function

y = 2x3 for -3 x 3

50

x
y

40

-1

30

-54 -16 -2

16

54

20

-3

-2

y = 2x3

rbinag@hotmail.com

Example 4

10

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

y-axis 2 cm to 10 unit

-3

-2

-1

0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60

Example 5

Draw the graph of the function

y = 4 - 2x3 for -3 x 3
-3

-2

-1

58

20

50

rbinag@hotmail.com

60

40

-12 -50

30
20

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

10

y-axis 2 cm to 10 unit
-3

-2

-1

-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60

y = 4 - 2x3

2
y
x

d)

Graphs of reciprocal functions

Example
Example 6

Draw the graph of the function

-5

-4

-2

-1

-0.5

-0.4 -0.5

-1

-2

-4

0.5

0.67 0.5

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

y-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

-5

4
3
2
1
-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

2x
y

rbinag@hotmail.com

for -5 x 4

4 x

Draw the graph of the function

12

for -5 x 4

-5

-4

1.2

1.5

10
8

-2

-1

-0.5

12

0.5

-12

-6

-3

-2

-1.5

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
-2

Scale : x-axis 2 cm to 1 unit

-4

y-axis 2 cm to 2 unit

-6
-8
-10
-12

6x
y

rbinag@hotmail.com

6
y

Try
Try this

4 x

Find from the graphs, the values of y given the values of x and vice versa
y

Example 7

-2

-4

-1

-2

-4

y = x3 3x - 2
-2

-1

-1

-2

b)

From the graph, find.

i)

The value of y when

a) x = 1.5

ii)

b) x = -0.5

The value of x when

a) y = 0

-3

b) y = -1.5

-4

rbinag@hotmail.com

a) Complete the table of values

below an draw the graph for
y = x3 3x - 2

i)

The value of y when

ii)

b) x = -0.5

The value of x when

a) y = 0

y = x3 3x - 2

-2

b) y = -1.5

-1

-1
y = -1.5

When x = 1.5, y = -3.15

-2

When x = -0.5, y = -0.65

When y = 0, x = -1, dan 2
When y = -1.5,
x = -1.65
x = -0.20
x = 1.8

-3

-4

rbinag@hotmail.com

a) x = 1.5

x = 1.5

From the graph, find.

x = -0.5

b)

Shapes of Graphs

1. Graphs of linear functions

rbinag@hotmail.com

y = ax + c , a and c are constants, a 0.

Shape : straight line
a > 0 ( positive )

a < 0 ( negative )
y

2.

Graphs of quadratic functions.

y = ax 2 + bx + c , a, b, and c are constants, a 0.
rbinag@hotmail.com

Shape : parabola
a < 0 ( negative )

a > 0 ( positive)

3.

Graphs of cubic functions

y = ax 3, a is a constant and a 0.
rbinag@hotmail.com

Shape : S-shape
a < 0 ( negative )

a > 0 ( positive )
y

4.

Graphs of reciprocal functions

y = a /x , a is a constant and a 0.
rbinag@hotmail.com

Shape : Hyperbola
a < 0 ( negative )

a > 0 ( positive )
y

D Sketch the graph of a given

function
a) To sketch the graphs of a linear functions.
rbinag@hotmail.com

To draw a graph of y = ax + c with a is the gradient and c is the y-intercept,

i) Look for two suitable points
ii) Then plot the two points, and
iii) Joint the two points to get the sketch of the graph.
y
Example 8
Sketch the graph for y = 2x - 4
Solution :
When x = 0,

y = 2(0) 4 = - 4

When y = 0,

0 = 2x 4
x=2

Thus, the two points are (0, -4) and (2, 0)

-4

D Shade the region of the

inequalities
A given linear inequality can be represented by a region which can be determine by
ii)

y ax + b or y ax + b.

rbinag@hotmail.com

i)

shading.
y > ax + b or y < ax + b.

Shading can be done by following the steps below.

a)

Draw the graph of the linear equation y = ax + b.

i)

Use a dashed line for the inequality > or < l

ii)

Use a solid line for the inequality or

b)

Select a suitable point such as the origin (0, 0)

c)

If the point satisfies the given inequality, then the required region is where the given
point lies. Shade the region.

d)

If the point does not satisfies the given inequality, then the required region is
opposite the region where the given point lies. Shade the opposite region.

Example 19
Shade the region which represent the inequalities y < 2x 3.
2

y=0

y = 2x - 3

rbinag@hotmail.com

Select the point (0, 0)

2x - 3 = 2(0) - 3 = -3
Since 0 > -3, the point (0, 0) is in
the region which represent the
inequality y > -3x + 3.
Shade the region where the point
(0, 0) is situated.

x
-1

0
-1
-2
-3
-4

Example 20
In each diagram, identify the region which satisfies the given simultaneous
inequalities

y =2x

The region which satisfy y 2x are regions I and II.

II
5

The region which satisfies y 5 x are the region II and III

III

IV

b) y x + 1 and x < 4

rbinag@hotmail.com

a) y 2x and y 5 x

Thus, the region which satisfies both the inequalities y 2x

and y 5 x is region II.

y=5-x
5

Example 20
In each diagram, identify the region which satisfies the given simultaneous
inequalities

x=4

b) y x + 1 and x < 4

y=x+1

The region which satisfy y x + 1 are regions I and II.

IV

The region which satisfies x < 4 are the region I and III

III

II

Thus, the region which satisfies both the inequalities y x

+ 1 and x < 4 is region I.

I
1
0

rbinag@hotmail.com

a) y 2x and y 5 x

Example 21
In each diagram below, shade the region which satisfies the given
simultaneous inequalities
rbinag@hotmail.com

a) y < 2x, y x, and x + y 4

y

y = 2x

y=x

x+y=4
0

Example 21
In each diagram below, shade the region which satisfies the given
simultaneous inequalities
rbinag@hotmail.com

a) y < 2x, y x, and x + y 4

y

y = 2x

y=x

x+y=4
0

Example 21
In each diagram below, shade the region which satisfies the given
simultaneous inequalities
x=3

y=x+3

y=3x
3

rbinag@hotmail.com

b) y x + 3, y 3 - x, and x < 3

Example 22
In the diagram below, state three inequalities which define the shaded
region.
rbinag@hotmail.com

The region lies above the line y = x + 1.

y

y=x+1

The inequality is y x + 1

(4, 5)

The region lies above the line x + y = 5

The inequality is x + y 5.

The y-intercept of line x + y = 5 is y = 5.

The dashed line is y = 5.
The region lies below the line y = 5.
The inequality is y < 5.
0

x+y=5

Thus, the three inequalities which

define the shaded region are
y x + 1, x + y 5 and y < 5.

rbinag@hotmail.com

The largest room in the world is room for

SELF
IMPROVEMENT