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Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Images: Prokaryotic cell diagram &
Eukaryotic cell diagram, M. Ruiz
Plasma Membrane
Separates the cell from its
environment.
Phospholipid molecules
oriented so that hydrophilic
water-loving heads directed
outward and hydrophobic
water-hating tails directed
inward.
Proteins embedded in two
layers of lipids (lipid bilayer).
Membrane is semi-permeable.
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Plasma
membrane
CELL
Liquid
environment
outside the cell.
Liquid
environment
inside the cell.
Types of active transport are classified by type of energy used to drive molecules
across membranes.
Prokaryote Genetics
Nucleoid
Region of cytoplasm where prokaryotes genome is
located.
Usually a singular, circular chromosome.
Plasmid
Small extra piece of chromosome/genetic material.
5 - 100 genes
Not critical to everyday functions.
Can provide genetic information to promote:
- Antibiotic resistance
- Virulence factors
specifically influence
thrive)
- Promote conjugation
Prokaryotes
Cell Division
Prokaryotes - Endospores
Dormant, tough, non-reproductive
structure produced by small number
of bacteria.
Resistant to radiation, desiccation,
lysozyme, temperature, starvation,
and chemical disinfectants.
1. bacillus = rod-shaped
2. coccus = spherical
3. Spiral Shaped
Acidithiobacillus
Archaea
Leptospirillum
Sulfobacillus
Crecimiento Microbiano
Refers to increase in the
number of microbes
(reproduction) rather than an
increase in size of the
microbe.
Result of microbial growth is
the colony = aggregation of
cells arising from single parent
cell.
The time required for growth
and reproduction is known as
the doubling or generation
time.
From the Virtual Microbiology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Cell
Count
1
2
4
8
16
32
1,024
1,048,576
Generation
Time
Bacillus cereus
28 min
Escherichia coli
12.5 min
27-30 min
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
10-12 hrs
10-30 hrs
Microbial Nutrition
Organisms use a variety of nutrients for:
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
18
Ambientes frios
GlaciardeFremont
TransportedeequipoaGlaciardeFremont
Taladrodehieloconequipotermal
CalciteSprings,Yellowstone
Mt.Soufriere,Montserrat
ObsidianPool,Yellowstone
RealgarSprings,Yellowstone
Ambientes de bajo pH
Distribuicion de
algunos
microorganismos
segun su pH
(Adaptado de Madigan et
al., Brock Biology of
Microorganisms, 2003)
Ambientes radioactivos
INTEC666pool
QuickTime and a
TIFF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BiofilmonAL6061
Dualcorrosioncells
AcridineorangestainedAL
JAPEXsamplingintheNankaiTrough,Japan