Motivasi 1

Motivasi 2

Perfect Score Seminar

CHEMISTRY
(2nd Phase)

by

Mr. Lim Yeok Lee

SC & MATH Department
SMK St. Francis, Melaka

Format Soalan

Kertas

Laporan LPM

(VI) Experiment-based questions

Essay paper 2: Section C (10 12 %)
Describe a laboratory experiment
Format:
Apparatus:..
Materials:.
Labeled diagram: (Only compulsory if stated in the question)
Procedure:
1.
2.
:
Observation:.
Conclusion: .
Chemical equation: If there is any
2

Example: Q10 SPM 2013 No. 10 (c)

Describe a laboratory experiment

(c) Preparation of magnesium sulphate salt in the laboratory

Apparatus and materials:

Measuring cylinder, beaker, filter funnel, filter
paper, sulphuric acid, magnesium nitrate and
potassium carbonate. 1
Procedure:
1. Pour 25 cm3, 1.0 mol dm-3 of potassium
carbonate solution into a beaker. 1
2. Add 25 cm3, 1.0 mol dm-3 of magnesium nitrate
solution into the same beaker. 1
3. Filter and rinse the mixture. 1
4. Measure 25 cm3, 1.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid
into another beaker.

5. Add the residue, magnesium carbonate until excess

into the sulphuric acid.
1
6. Filter the mixture. 1
7. Heat the filtrate, magnesium sulphate solution until
saturated. 1
8. Cool the substance formed and filter. 1
Chemical equation:
1
K2CO3 + Mg(NO3)2

MgCO3 + 2KNO3 1
1

MgCO3 + H2SO4

MgSO4 + CO2

+ H2O 1
(max = 10 %)
{**Range of volume = 20 - 100 cm3 and concentration:0.1 - 2.0 mol dm3)

(VI) Mistakes in experiment-based

questions
1. Leaving out the key action words / phrase:
Add something (zinc powder) to something else
(hydrochloric acid)
Stir evenly
Mix together more than two
substances
Heat gently / warm
Heat strongly
6

2. Not stating the quantities used

For solutions a certain volume (based on
apparatus used) and molarity(0.1 2.0 mol dm3) should be mentioned.
For change in temperature, a certain range /
increase / decrease in temperature should be
mentioned.
For solids a certain mass should be mentioned,
or whether it should be used in excess.
7

3. Describing an observation
e.g. Hydrogen gas is released (X = 0%)
Correct : Bubbles of colourless gas
released or effervescence
4. Drawing graphs:
The axes not labeled and / or units not
mention, size too small.
(**line or curve must at least half or more
than size of graph paper)

Temperature /0C

1 label with unit

1 uniform scale
1 all point mark
correctly with x
1 smooth line or
curve.

curve line
(free hand)
Sharp edge
(use ruler)

Label with
unit

Both values
must write.

Time / min

Maximum
mark =1%
if the label
of X and Y
axis are
correct.

Wrong scale

Size less than

half of graph
Paper given.

5. Confused the meaning / concept of

Electrochemical Series with
Reactivity Series
e.g. Zinc can displace copper from copper
(II) sulphate solution because zinc is higher
than copper in the Reactivity Series. (X)
(should be Electrochemical Series)
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c. Electrochemical series
K+
King
Narnia
Na+
Ca2+
can
2+
make
Mg
Active metals which
Al3+
aluminium
can react with acid
to produce hydrogen
Zn2+
zebra
Fe2+
fly.
Supermans
Sn2+
pet
Pb2+
has
Acid /
H+
Hydrogen
2+
copper
Cu
ion
house
Hg2+
Ag+
at
Australia
Au2+

H2
(Hydrogen gas)

d. Reactivity series
K
Na
Ca
Mg
Al
C
Zn
H2

Fe
Sn
Pb
Cu
Hg
Ag
Au

Carbon

6. Not stating the state / size of substance

e.g. Not stating aqueous potassium iodide
or potassium iodide solution
Not stating magnesium powder where
size of reactant matters
14

7(a) Not knowing the meaning of compare

and contrast (differentiate)
Compare:
Find the similarities (if there is any) and
differences between 2 or more things
Contrast :
Find only the differences between 2
things.
15

7(b) e.g. Not knowing the meaning of

compare and contrast:
Question: Compare the properties of ionic
and covalent compound
Students Answer: Ionic compounds have
high boiling point and melting point, can
dissolve in water and conduct electricity in
molten or aqueous form. (X = 0%)
(Properties of covalent compound not stated)
16

Correct answer:
Ionic compounds have high boiling point and
melting point, can dissolve in water and conduct
electricity in molten or aqueous form. While
covalent compounds have low boiling point
and melting point, insoluble in water and not
be able to conduct electricity in any state.

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Specific comparison
Example:
Question:
Compare the physical properties of
tetrachloromethane and magnesium oxide.
(6 marks)

Answer:
Tetrachloromethane
Magnesium oxide
(i) It has low melting and It has high melting and
boiling point. 1
boiling point. 1
(ii) It cannot conduct
It can only conduct
electricity in all states. electricity in molten state.
1
1
(iii) It is soluble in
organic solvent. 1

It is insoluble in organic
solvent. 1

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement /

phrases
1. (for explanation on formation of ionic bond)
Sodium donates electron. (X = 0%)
Correct : One sodium atom donates one electron

2. Stable electron arrangement (X = 0%)

Correct: Stable octet electrons arrangement

3. Rate of reaction described as fast or slow

eg.
The higher the temperature the faster the rate of reaction. (X =
0%)
Correct:
The higher the temperature the higher the rate of reaction.
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Incomplete / Inaccurate statement /

phrases
4. Rate of reaction getting slower. (X = 0%)
Correct : Rate of reaction getting lower .
(Rate of reaction decreases ).
5.The smaller the size of substance the bigger
the surface area. X

Correct :
The smaller the size of the substance the
bigger is the total surface area.

21

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement /

phrases

6. An ionic compound can conduct

electricity (X = 0%)
Correct: An ionic compound can conduct
electricity in the molten state or in
aqueous solution.

22

Incomplete/Inaccurate statement /phrases

7. Definition on Relative atomic mass
i. Based on hydrogen concept
Relative atomic mass of an element is the number of times the mass
of one atom of an element is heavier than the mass of hydrogen. X

Correct : Relative atomic mass of an element is the number of times

an atom of an element is heavier than the mass of one atom of
hydrogen.

(or) Based on carbon concept

Relative atomic mass of an element is the number of times the mass
of one atom of an element is heavier than 1/12 of the mass of a
carbon-12 atom.
23

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

8. A hydrocarbon is organic compound that

contains the elements of carbon and
hydrogen. (x)
Correct : A hydrocarbon is organic
compound that contains the elements of
carbon and hydrogen only. ()
24

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

9. An alkali is a substance that contains

hydroxide ions. (x)
Correct : An alkali is a substance that
produces hydroxide ions when
dissolved / ionises in water. ()
25

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

10. An acid is a substance that

contains hydrogen ions. (x)
Correct : An acid is a substance
that produces hydrogen ions when
dissolved / ionises in water. ()
26

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

11. Calcium is situated in Period IV. (x)

Correct :
Calcium is situated in Period 4. ()

27

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

12. A chloride ion has three electron shells. (x)
Correct : A chloride ion has three shells filled
with electrons. ()
(or)
A chloride ion has three occupied electron shells.
()
28

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

13. Example:
Reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.

When the temperature is increased, the

number of collisions also increases. (x)
Correct : When the temperature is increased,
the number of collisions between [the named
particles] also increases. ()

29

Correct :
When the temperature of hydrochloric
acid increased, the number of collisions
between zinc atoms and hydrogen ions
also increases. ()

30

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

14. Example:
Fe2+
Fe 3+ + e
The oxidation number of Fe 2+ ion
changes / increases. (x)
Correct : The oxidation number of iron in
Fe 2+ ion increase from +2 to +3. ()
31

Incomplete / Inaccurate statement / phrases

15. A polystyrene cup is used to prevent

heat loss. (x)

Correct :
A polystyrene cup is used to reduce
heat loss. ()
32

16. Attractive forces between molecules are

small / lower / higher. (x)
Correct: Attractive forces between
molecules (Intermolecular forces) are
weak / strong. ()

09/23/15

Program Intervensi PPSMI 2007

33

17. Copper attracted to the cathode. (x)

Correct: Copper ions attracted to to
the cathode. ()
18. The ions in the electrolyte can move. (x)
Correct :The ions in the electrolyte
can move freely. ()

09/23/15

Program Intervensi PPSMI 2007

34

ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM

Vertical axis must be labeled as energy
Draw two horizontal lines at different level
The name / formula of the reactants and the name /
formula of the products must be written at the
correct level
Label the H
Example: Draw the energy level diagram for
neutralisation process between sodium hydroxide
and hydrochloric acid

ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM

Energy
NaOH + HCl
H= -57.3kJmol-1

NaCl + H2O

Drawing Diagrams

(x = 0%)
(x = 0%)
(x = 0%)
(x = 0%)
(x = 0%)

Solid
Minimum 3 x 3

Drawing Diagrams

Liquid

Drawing Diagrams

Gas

Drawing Diagrams

mixture of solid and liquid

Draw the arrangement of atom in brass (loyang)

Copper
atom

Zinc atom

Good Luck!
A+

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