GENESA BATUBARA DITINJAU DARI

PETROLOGI BATUBARA
(The genesis of coal from viewpoint
of coal petrology)
by :
Marlies Teichmller

A. Origin of macerals
Clasification of maceral groups and macerals
Group

Maceral

Vitrinite

telinite
telo-

Characteristics
cell walls
tissue

kollinite
detrocorpocollinite
vitrodetrinite

amorphous (gel or gelified

detritus)
cell fillings
detritus

Liptinite

sporinite
cutinite
suberinite
fluorinite
resinite
alginite
bituminite
chlorophyllinite
liptodetrinite
exsudatinite

spores, pollen
cuticles
suberinized cell walls (cork)
plant oils
resins, waxes, latex
algae
amorphous (bacterial, algal, faunal)
chlorophyll
detritus
secondary exudates

Inertinite

fusinite
semifusinite
sclerotinite
macrinite
inertodetrinite
micrinit

cell walls (charred, oxydized)

cell walls (partly charred, oxydized)
fungal cell walls
amorphous gel (oxydized, metabolic)
detritus
secondary relic of oil generation (mainlay)

1. Genesa huminit dan vitrinit

(Genesis of huminites/vitrinites)
Huminit/vitrinit berasal dari liginin, selulosa dan tanin.
Humification is the main process during the peat stage.
It is caused by oxidation and by microbial activity
2. Genesa liptinit
(Genesis of liptinites)
Liptinit berasal dari tumbuhan yang kaya hidrogen seperti
alga dan merupakan produk dekomposisi
(Derived from hydrogen-rich plant organs as well as algal and
bacterial substances and decomposition products)
3. Genesa inertinit
(Genesis of inertinites)
Karakteristik inertinit : reflektan tinggi, fluorenscence kecil,
kandungan karbon tinggi, hidrogen rendah, aromatisasi kuat
(Characteristic of inertinites, such as high reflectance, little
fluorescence, high carbon and low hydrogen and low
aromatization)

B. Origin of coal facies (microlithotypes and lithotypes)

1. Klasifikasi fasies batubara brown (brown coal) sbb :
(clasification of facies brown coal)
a. Cannel dan boghead, sapropilic coal adalah mud
deposite subaquatic.
b. Mikrolitotipe kaya huminit/vitrinit
c. Mikrolitotipe kaya inertinit, khususnya fusinit,
semifusinit dan makrinit
2. Pengaruh lingkungan deposit (palaeogeografi)
(Influence of depositional (palaeographic) environment
Klasifikasi lingkungan pembentukan peat delta
(Styan dan Bustin,1983)
a. Pembentukan peat delta bagian bawah (kaya sulfur dan
sedimen klastik)
b. Pembentukan peat antara delta bawah dan atas (kaya clay,
silt dan sulfur)
c. Pembentukan peat bagian atas (sedikit mineral klastik dan
sulfur)

3. Pengaruh ilkim, vegetasi dan ketersediaan air

(Influence of climate, vegetation and water supply)
Klasifikasi deposit batubara :
a. Carboneferous hard coal Euramerica
b. Gondwana coal (peat iklim dingin)
c. Brown coal tersier German dan Australia
d. Batubara light layer pada brown coal tersier
4. Penurunan fasies batubara dan pengaruh ketersediaan
makanan (eutropic-oligotropic)
(Vertical succession of facies and influence of nutrient
supply)
5. Pengaruh keasaman, air laut dan kondisi calcareous
(Influence acidity, marine and calcareous)
6. Pengaruh kebakaran (fires)
(Influence of fires)

Klasifikasi mikrolitotipe utama, komposisi maseral

dan lithotipe utama
Mikrolitotipe utama
(mikroskopik)

Unsur pokok
(mikroskopik)

Lithotipe utama
(megaskopik)

Vitrinite
Clarite

viitrinite
vitrinite, liptinite

bright coal
semi-bright, dull coal
(dull if much liptinite)

Durite
Vitrinertite

inertinite, liptinite
vitrinite, inertinite

dull coal
bright, dull coal
(dull if much
inertinite)

Trimacerit

vitrinite, liptinite, inertinite

mostly dull coal

Inertite
Liptite
Fusite,
semifusinite
Inertodetrite
Carbargilite

inertinite
liptinite
fusinite, semifusinite
inertodetrinite
coal+clay mineral

dull coal
dull coal
fusain layer, dull coal
dull coal
clay parting

Hubungan phase microspore dg microlithotype batubara carboniferous

(Smith, 1986)

TERIMA KASIH
THANK YOU

Maceral grup huminite menurut ICCP sistem 1994

Maceral grup vitrinit menurut ICCP sistem 1994

Maceral grup inertinite menurut ICCP sistem 1994

COAL FORMATION

Source of plants:
- Allochtonous
- Autochtonous

Rank Stages
Wood

Peat

Lignite
Subbituminous
Bituminous
Anthracite

Time
Temperature
Pressure

Factors affecting the characteristics of

coal seams
Type of deposition autochtonous, allochtonous
Peat-forming plant communities
Depositional environment telmatic/terrestrial,
limnic/subaquatic
Nutrient Supply eutrophic, mesotrophic,
oligotrophic
Acidity, bacterial activity, sulfur suplay
Temperature
Redox potential Eh

Lithotype
Lithotype
macroscopically recognizable bands of coal seams
For bituminous coal:
Coal Type

Humic Coal

Lithotype

Macroscopically recognizable feature

Vitrain

bright, black, usually, brittle,

frequently with fissures

Clarain

semi-bright, black, very finely

stratified

Durain

dull, black/grey-black, hard, rough

surface

Fusain
(mineral charcoal)

silky lustre, black, fibrous, soft, quite

friable

Cannel Coal

dull/slight greasy lustre, black,

homogenous, unstratified, very hard,
conchoidal fracture, black streak

Boghead Coal

like cannel coal but brownish, brown

streak

Sapropelic Coal