PILE LOAD TEST

Pile
A

deep foundation to transmit

structural loads through weaker zones
to soil of desired capacity.

Basically

two types ; i)End Bearing

ii)Friction

Load carrying Capacity of

Piles byStatic

Analysis
Dynamic Analysis
Load Test on Pile
Penetration Tests

Load Test on Pile:

 Load

through hydraulic jack resting on reaction

girder.
Test after 3days in sandy soils and after
1month in silts and soft clays, to allow
restoration of original properties of soil.
Load applied in equal increments of abt 20%
of allowable load, corresponding settlements
recorded in dial gauges.
Each loading maintained till rate of movement
of pile top is - 0.1mm/hr in Sandy Soils
0.02mm/hr in Clayey or
max of 2hrs
For each load increment, settlements are
observed at 0.5,1,2,4,8,16,20 and 60min
Loading continued upto twice the allowable
load or upto the load where total settlement
reaches a specified value.

Allowable Load as per IS:2911Part 4-1974:

Lesser of following;
50% of load at which total settlement is
equal to one-tenth of diameter of pile
Two-thirds of load which causes a total
settlement of 12mm
Two-thirds of load which causes a net
settlement of 6mm
Limiting settlement criteria : Under load twice the
allowable load,net settlement shouldnt be more than
20mm or gross settlement should not be more than
25mm

From graph;

Lab ;
Large steel tank
Sand is compacted upto 45cm depth
Set up is fixed-test
pile(H=30cm,D=50mm),proving
ring(L.C-4.6kg/div),dial guages(L.C0.01mm)
Settlement corresponding to each
5divisions is noted

PLATE LOAD
TEST

Measure

deformation and
strength of soil
Used for determine bearing
capacity of soil and its settlement
especially for shallow foundation

Bearing Plate :
Steel plate(Bp )of min size of 300mm and
max of 750mm with min thickness of
25mm.
Larger plates for cohesive soils.
Pit Size :
B = 5xBP , Depth of pit = Depth of
foundation Df
Depth where plate is to be placed from,
(Dp/BP ) = (Df/Bf )

Loading on Hydraulic
jack
:

Gravity Loading
method
Method

and

Reaction Truss

Procedure: (IS:1888-1971)
Base

of pit is levelled,small hole is dug

and plate is inserted on little sand
spreaded.
Seating load of 7kN/m2 applied and
released.
First increment abt 10% of anticipated
Ulti B.C ,settklements recorded for
1,4,10,20,40 and60min and later at
hourly interval until rate of settlment is
less than 0.02mm/hr or atleast for
24hours

Procedure :
Test

is repeated by applying load

increments ,continued till a load of
about 1.5 times anticipated Ulti
Load is applied or a settlement at
which failure occurs or atleast
25mm should be reached.
Plot is made b/w Load internsity
and settlement.B.C determined
from the plot

Uses :
1.Ultimate B.C :
Clayey- qu (f) = qu (p)
Sandy qu (f) = qu (p) x (Bf /BP )
2.Settlement of Foundation :
Clayey Sf = Sp x (Bf /BP )
Sandy - Sf = Sp x (Bf (BP+0.3 ) /BP
(Bf+0.3 ))2

Uses :
3.Designing Shallow foundation by trial
and error procedure by using
qo = Q/Af
4.Detremination of influence factor I from
Si = qB((1-2)/E))I
plot b/w Si and qB is made which is a
st.line,slope is found out i.e (1-2)/E)I
knowing and E ,I is found out

Lab :
Size

of plate = 10cm x 10cm

Size of Tank 49cm x
49cm,Height=60cm
Sand filled upto 30cm i.e 3times
size of plate and compacted
Sand is filled above bearing plate
for 10cm
Load v/s settlement curve is
plotted