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1. Algoriths
2. Heuristic
3. Means-end analysis
4. analogical reasoning
ALGORITHS
is a step by step procedure that will always produce correct
solutions. A mathematical formula is a good example of a
problem solving algorithm. While an algorithm guarantee an
accurate answers, it is not always the best approach to problem
solving . This strategy is not practical for many situation because
it can be too time consuming. For example if you were trying to
figure out all of the possible number combination to a lock using
an algorithm it would take a very long time.
EXAMPLES
1. Binary arithmetic, converting from decimal to
binary
2. Tying shoes
3. A recipe
HEURISTIC
is a mental rule of tumb strategy that may or
may not work in certain situation. Unlike
algorithms, heuristics do not always guarantee a
correct solution. However, using this problem
solving strategy does allow people to simplify
complex problems and reduce the total number
of possible solution to a more manageable
EXAMPLES
You are purchasing three items at the store, at these
prices
$19.95
$39.98
$29.97
How much money are you spending?
MEANS-END ANALYSIS
Aunt Agatha lives in Brighton and has invited me to tea this afternoon
she has a lot of money which she may leave to me which is actually
a longer term goal for this journey. I am sitting in my office in London
and need to decide how to get to Brighton.
Now there are lots of ways to do this: train, car, bus, on foot, private
jet or roller blades but I subject myself to the following cost
constraints:
- I must arrive at Brighton today within three hours
- the journey must cost no more than $100
- any distance less than one mile must be walked
To begin this process I consider the available means against my
constraints and decide on taking the train via Victoria to Brighton. To
do this I need to leave my office and travel to the main station at
Victoria which is a new goal.
To get to Victoria I can walk, take a taxi, bus or go by underground.
Because of time constraints and cost I decide to take the
underground to Victoria this becomes a new sub goal. The nearest
tube station being less than one mile away I walk
ANALOGICAL REASONING
- The subjects can use a previous problem to
solve a new problem and bypass an
increment search for the problem space