To stick together

Making ideas flow smoothly

and clearly
And making the reader
understand

Synonym
y

Repetitio
n

Pronoun
Preference

Parallelism

Transitional
Words

Repetitio
n Repeat key words and phrases.
Example:
The problem with contemporary art is that its
not easily understood by most people.
Contemporary art is deliberately abstract, and
that means it leaves viewers wondering what
they are looking at.

Synonym
y The state of being a synonym. If
direct repetition is too obvious,
use a synonym of the word you
wish to repeat.

Synonym
yExample:

He appeared so thankful to all the staff,

thankful to all of the parents, and especially
thankful to his students.
He appeared so thankful to all the staff,
grateful to all of the parents, and especially
appreciative towards his students.

Pronoun
Preference
as well known, a pronoun is a
word that substitutes for noun
or noun phrase. To refer back a
key noun use appropriate
pronouns

Pronoun
Preference
Subject
Form

Persona
l
Pronou
Relative
nInterrogative
Pronoun

Object
Form

Possessive
Pronoun

Adjective
s

Pronouns

I, you, she, me, you, him, my, your, mine, yours,

hers, its, ours,
hers,
he, it we, her, it, us,
them
his, its, our yours, theirs
they
your, their
Whom
Who
Which
Which
That
That

Whose+
Noun

Pronoun
Preference
Example:
While the commuters were driving home,
they saw the highway buckle.
Immediately, they began pulling over to
stop. Within moments they realized an
earthquake had struck their city, San
Francisco.

Pronoun
Example:
Preference

While the commuters were driving home,

they saw the highway buckle.
Immediately, they began pulling over to
stop. Within moments they realized an
earthquake had struck their city, San
Francisco.

Pronoun
Example:
Preference

When scientific experiments do not work

out as expected, they are often considered
failures until some other scientist tries
them again. Those that work out better
the second time around are the ones that
promise the most rewards.

Pronoun
Example:
Preference

When scientific experiments do not work

out as expected, they are often considered
failures until some other scientist tries
them again. Those that work out better
the second time around are the ones that
promise the most rewards.

Parallelis
m

-is a balance within one or more

sentences of similar phrases or
clauses that have the same
grammatical structure.

Parallelis
m
Example:

I acquired my considerable fortune by

investing carefully, hard work and marrying
a rich woman.

I acquired my considerable fortune by

investing carefully, working hard and
marrying a rich woman.

Transitional Words
- show the relationships between
sentences in a paragraph as well
as between paragraphs with
particular logical relationships.

Transitional Words
Example:
My morning routine never changes. My alarm clock
rings for the third time. I get up. I sleepwalk to the
shower. I stand in the shower for ten minutes. I am
finally awake. I get dressed. I got to the kitchen,
make a cup of tea and put a slice of bread in the
toaster. I eat breakfast and feed my cat. I put her
outside. I am ready to face the world. I get on the
bus and go to school. My first class begins, I go back
to sleep.

Transitional Words
My morning routine never changes. When my alarm
clock rings for the third time, I get up and sleepwalk
to the shower. I stand in the shower for ten minutes
until I am finally awake. Then I get dressed. Next, I
got to the kitchen, make a cup of tea and put a slice
of bread in the toaster. After I eat breakfast and feed
my cat, I put her outside. Finally, I am ready to face
the world, so I get on the bus and go to school. As
soon as my first class begins, I go back to sleep

Transitional Words
My morning routine never changes. When my alarm
clock rings for the third time, I get up and sleepwalk
to the shower. I stand in the shower for ten minutes
until I am finally awake. Then I get dressed. Next, I
got to the kitchen, make a cup of tea and put a slice
of bread in the toaster. After I eat breakfast and feed
my cat, I put her outside. Finally, I am ready to face
the world, so I get on the bus and go to school. As
soon as my first class begins, I go back to sleep