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Assessment
Karen R. Brown BS, RN, CWS
Wound/Ostomy Specialist
Objectives:
Describe
SKIN ASSESSMENTS
Skin Facts
Skin assessment
important in the prevention of pressure ulcers, IAD,
MADS,Intertrigo, etc.
A complete skin assessment should include:
Assessing for localized heat
Edema
Induration (hardness)
Excessive moisture
Skin Assessment
Skin Care
SKIN ASSESSMENT
CONFINED TO BED/CHAIR
Preventative
Actions
Look
at skin at least
once a day.
Bathe
only when
needed for comfort or
cleanliness.
Immobility/decreased mobility
SKIN ASSESSMENT
Donuts
are for
eating
Not sitting
on
Change position
at least every 2
hours.
Use a special
mattress that
contains foam,
air, gel, or water.
Raise the head
of bed as little
and for as short
as a time as
possible.
Poor Nutrition
Support Surfaces
SKIN ASSESSMENT
DOCUMENTATION
SKIN
ASSESSMENT
SKIN FOLDS
DOCUMENT
PRESENCE OF:
MOISTURE
RASH
CANDIDA
LESIONS
Xerosis is a
dermatosis
exhibited as dry
scaly skin with or
without erythema
(redness) and
pruritus (itching)
xerosis
Caused by epidermal
water loss
Loss of natural
moisturization
factors
LOCATION:
Usually lower legs
Sometimes trunk and
hands
xerosis
Clinically looks like
Scaling, flaking skin
Dull, white color and
increased skin
markings
DOCUMENT
changes in skin
color
excess skin
moisture
skin turgor
changes in skin
texture
SKIN
ASSESSMENT
DOCUMENT ULCER
LOCATIONS OVER
BONY PROMINENCES
HISTORY OF
PREVIOUS
ULCERATIONS
SKIN ASSESSMENT
PALPATE FOR
WARMTH,
TENDERNESS,
BOGGINESS
EDEMA
DOCUMENT EVERY
DETAIL
ASSESS MEDICAL
DEVICES
DOCUMENT
TYPE OF DEVICE
LOCATION
TYPE OF
SECUREMENT
DEVICE
ASSESS MEDICAL
DEVICES
BARIATRIC
SKIN
ASSESSMENT
incontinence-related
dermatitis secondary to
inability to perform
personal hygiene,
pressure ulcers
(including sites other
than bony
prominences),
venous
Insufficiency/ulceration,
and/or lymphedema.
BARIATRIC SKIN
ASSESSMENT
The bariatric patient
may not be able to
clean the perineal
area well enough or
maybe not at all.
BARIATRIC SKIN
ASSESSMENT
Pressure ulcers not
over bony
prominences
Increased propensity
for venous ulcers
with or without
lymphedema
Malnourishment
INCONTINENCE
ASSOCIATED
DERMATITIS (IAD)
Incontinenceassociated dermatitis
is a common problem
affecting as many as
half of the patients
with urinary or fecal
incontinence who are
managed with
absorptive
products.
Use moisturizers
for dry skin
Use
barrier
ointments/ sprays
Powder
bedpans
References
Gray M, Ratliff C, Donovan A. Perineal skin care for the
incontinent patient. Adv Skin Wound Care.
2002;15:170-179.
Ghadially R. Aging and the epidermal permeability barrier:
implications for contact dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat.
1998;9(3):162-169.
Brown DS. Perineal dermatitis risk factors: clinical validation of
a conceptual framework. Ostomy Wound
Manag.1995;41(10):46-48, 50, 52-53.
European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure
Ulcer. Treatment of pressure ulcers: Quick Reference Guide.
Washington DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; 2009.
References