Underground Geotech

Design and Procedures

Tembagapura, 21 June 2006

Flow chart for

Geotechnical
Design

Pillar design
Ground support
Excavation
design

Pillar Design
Rock mass classification

Extraction level
Sill pillar
Crown pillar

Dimension of pillar
Required life and long term plan

Data collection

Purpose of the excavation

Caving and Mining Stress
Expected personnel exposure
Maximum allowable deformation

Pillar stability

Wilson Pillar analysis (use FOS > 2.2)

Monitoring and Evaluation

Numerical modeling

Pillar Reinforcement

Heavy support in medium to

good ground
(Bolts + Mesh (two layers) +
Shotcrete (2 layers) + T/bars

Special support in poor

ground
Steel set + concrete

Pillar Performance
Partial closure at Drawpoints
The sill pillar failure was due to load from
compacted muck in surrounding draw points.
The ground was classified as poor ground
and regular ground support (bolts + Mesh +
t/bar) was recommended

Partial closure of panel

Crown pillar failure occurred due to load
from compacted muck.
The support is concrete but without steel
set

Slight damage at drawpoint pillar

The sill pillar is still stable though several
of the surrounding drawpoints were
compacted.
Special support with concrete and steel set
was installed.

Pillar stability monitoring

Field Inspection
P11-DP 5E/W

P11-DP 5E/W
Recommendation/Action plan

Condition Feb,14,2006

Condition Mar,07,2006

Shutdown

Convergence Monitoring

Ground Support Design

Rock mass classification

Extraction/Undecut/Truck
Haulage Level

Development support
Permanent support

Dimension of pillar
Required life and long term plan

Data collection

Purpose of the excavation

Caving and Mining Stress
Expected personnel exposure
Maximum allowable deformation

Ground support tables

Wedge analyses
Monitoring and Evaluation

Support FOS > 2.0 for Undercut level

Support FOS > 2.0 for Extraction level
Support FOS > 1.2 for other areas

Minimum Required Standard

Support

Classes of Minimum Ground

Support

Classes of Minimum Ground

Support
Light Support (Class 1A)
Only Bolts

Medium Light Support (Class

2)

Regular Support (Class 3)

Extra heavy support (Class 5)

Special support (Class 6)

Not used anymore

Heavy support (Class 4)

Types of Development Ground

Support

Map of extraction level showing

Minimum Ground Support
Requirement

Quality control inspection

Monthly Goal
- New excavation
To engineering and
operation for
improving the
installation

Not enough grout

Collecting data

Weekly Ground
Support
recommendation

Loose Plate

Monthly ground
support
recommendation
Collecting
data Actual

Short hole

Weekly Heading
Check inspection/
Quality Inspection

Protruding bolts

Laubschers Chart - Hydraulic

Radius
CNI PREDICTION

ACTUAL

Actual Hydraulic radius

UG Geotech inputs to Mine Operations

Assistance in development of draw order based on convergence
monitoring results
Recommendations for minimizing the impact of abutment
stress loading through additional blasting and/or re-support
Evaluation of wet muck status and potential
Assistance in the sequencing of cave blasting based on
convergence monitoring and damage mapping
Sequencing the closure of draw points
Recommendations for the acceleration of development or
sequence for Underground Development
Review of ground support requirements in all production areas