Intro to Swing

GUI development

Swing is
A big API
Built on AWT (another big API)
Used for GUI's

Swing class hierarchy fragment

Component

AWT
Swing

Container

Frame

JFrame
JApplet

JComponent

Window

Panel

Dialog

JWindow

JDialog
JLabel

JPanel

JTable

JTree

Other basic classes

AWT classes defined in the package
java.awt

Color,(animmutableclass)
Point,
Dimension,
Font

JOptionPane Examples

JComboBox

A JComboBox looks like a text field with an

arrow next to it. If you click on the arrow,
the list of possible values is displayed.

If the Jcombobox is set to be editable, then

you can edit the current selection as if it
was a text field.

Only one item can be selected at a time.

You can retrieve it by calling:
getSelectedItem method.

Add the choice items to the end of the list

with the addItem method.

Progress Bar
Displays progress of operation
Can be used like a gauge

Usage:
Initialize
JProgressBar progressBar = new JProgressBar();
progressBar.setMinimum(0);
progressBar.setMaximum(numberSubOperations);

Go
progressBar.setValue(progressBar.getMinimum());
for (int i = 0; i < numberSubOperations; i++) {
progressBar.setValue(i);
performSubOperation(i);
}

Intro to The Progress Dialog

Dynamic Feedback

Why Dynamic Feedback?

Users interact more smoothly with your
application if you keep them informed
about the application's state.
Progress animation--an indicator such as a
progress bar that shows what percentage of an
operation is complete

When?
Use a progress bar whenever users are
blocked from interacting with the
application for more than 6 seconds.

Use
Users cannot interact with a progress bar.
Update the progress bar to show the proportion
completed at least every 4 seconds.
If you overestimate how much is already done,
the progress bar can remain at 99 percent until the
task is complete.
If you underestimate how much is already done,
fill the remaining portion of the progress bar when
the operation completes.
The percentage done should never decrease.

Swing class hierarchy fragment

Component

AWT
Swing

Container

Frame

JFrame
JApplet

JComponent

Window

Panel

Dialog

JWindow

JDialog
JLabel

JPanel

JTable

JTree

Progress Bar
Displays progress of operation
Can be used like a gauge

Usage:
Initialize
JProgressBar progressBar = new JProgressBar();
progressBar.setMinimum(0);
progressBar.setMaximum(numberSubOperations);

Go
progressBar.setValue(progressBar.getMinimum());
for (int i = 0; i < numberSubOperations; i++) {
progressBar.setValue(i);
performSubOperation(i);
}

JProgressBar Methods
javax.swing.JComponent
javax.swing.JProgressBar
+JProgressBar()

Creates a horizontal progress bar with min 0 and max 100.

+JProgressBar(min: int, max: int)

Creates a horizontal progress bar with specified min and max.

+JProgressBar(orient: int)

Creates a progress bar with min 0 and max 100 and a specified orientation.

+JProgressBar(orient: int, min: int,

max: int)

Creates a progress bar with a specified orientation, min, and max.

+getMaximum(): int

Gets the maximum value. (default: 100)

+setMaximum(n: int): void

Sets a new maximum value.

+getMinimum(): int

Gets the minimum value. (default: 0)

+setMinimum(n: int): void

Sets a new minimum value.

+getOrientation(): int

Gets the orientation value. (default: HORIZONTAL)

+setOrientation(orient: int): void

Sets a new minimum value.

+getPercentComplete():double

Returns the percent complete for the progress bar. 0 <= a value <= 1.0.

+getValus(): int

Returns the progress bar's current value

+setValus(n: int): void

Sets the progress bar's current value.

+getString(): String

Returns the current value of the progress string.

+setString(s: String): void

Sets the value of the progress string.

+isStringPainted(): Boolean

Returns the value of the stringPainted property.

+setStringPainted(b: boolean): void Sets the value of the stringPainted property, which determines whether the
progress bar should render a progress percentage string. (default: false)

Example: JProgressBar Demo

Objective: Write a GUI
application that lets you copy
files. A progress bar is used to
show the progress of the copying
operation.

CopyFile

Run

Basic Controls
Menu related classes

The Components
A subclass of the java.awt.Component class
is called a Component
A Component has a size, color, etc.
A Component can normally be painted.
When a component is painted it is visible
on the screen.

Component Subclasses

Container extends Component

Button extends Component
Window extends Container
Frame extends a Window
Dialog extends a Window
Panel extends a Container
Applet extends a Panel, etc.

Swing and AWT

Swing is built on JComponent.
JComponent extends Component
JLabel, JButton, JCheckbox, etc all extend
JComponent
Why?

Why does JComponent extend

Component?

Swing uses LightWeight Components!

AWT uses HeavyWeight components!
What is the difference?
What is so good about a LightWeight
Component?
What are the drawbacks?

Do I still need AWT when using

Swing?
Yes!
AWT has many useful tools.
Taken together they form a Framework.

Basic components to gather input

JButton
JCheckBox
touser.

a toggled on/off button displaying state

JRadioButton a toggled on/off button displaying its

statetouser.

basic components
JComboBox a dropdown list with optional editable
text field. The user can key in a value or select a value
fromdropdownlist.

Jlist
list.

allows a user to select one or more items from a

Jmenu popup list of items from which the user can

select.
Jsliderletsuserselectavaluebyslidingaknob.
JTextFieldareaforenteringasinglelineofinput.

Basic components to present information

JLabel containstextstring,animage,orboth.
JProgressBar communicatesprogressofsomework.
JToolTipdescribespurposeofanothercomponent.
JTree acomponentthatdisplayshierarchicaldatainoutlineform.
JTable

acomponentusertoeditanddisplaydatainatwodimensional

grid.

JTextArea,JTextPane,JEditorPane
definemultilineareasfordisplaying,entering,andeditingtext.

Swing components

Container
Componentthatcancontainothercomponentsandcontainers.

Component

Container

JCom ponent

has

Intermediate components
Used to organize and position other
components.

JPanelcontainerofcomponents.
JScrollPanepanelwithscrollbars.
JSplitPanedividestwocomponentsgraphically.
JTabbedPane lets the user switch between a group of
componentsbyclickingonalabeledtab;

JToolBarusedfordisplayingasetofcommonlyusedcontrols.

Example of component
organization
ThefollowingcreatesaJPanelandaddstwobuttons,labeledon
andoff.
JPanel p = new JPanel();
p.add(new JButton("on"));
p.add(new JButton("off"));

Wherever this panel is used, it will present the two buttons.

Getting the screen size

public static Dimension getSize() {
Toolkit t = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
return t.getScreenSize();
}

An example of AWT usage

public class Screen {

public static int getDpi() {

Toolkit t =
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
return t.getScreenResolution();
}

Top-level container
Itsnotcontainedinanyothercontainer.
provide screen area where other
componentscandisplaythemselves.
JApplet, JDialog, JFrame, and JWindow are
commonlyusedastoplevelcontainers.

JFrame
Its a window with title, border, (optional)
menubaranduserspecifiedcomponents.
Itcanbemoved,resized,iconified.
ItisnotasubclassofJComponent.
Delegates responsibility of managing user
specifiedcomponentstoa contentpane,an
instanceofJPanel.

Jframe

Jframe

Jframe internal structure

JFrame
ToaddacomponenttoaJFrame,addittothecontentpane:

JFrame f = new JFrame("A Frame");

JButton b = new JButton("Press");
Container cp = f.getContentPane();
cp.add(b)

JFrame components are in its

content pane.
JFrame

content pane

Container

Component

Swing vs AWT
Swing has lightweight
components
Light weight
components have no
peers
Look and feel
variations available
Swing is SLOW

AWT is heavyweight
heavyweight comps
require peers.
Always looks like the
platform it runs on.
AWT is FAST

Simple Output, a message dialog

public static void messageDialog(Object o) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, o);
}

Simple Input
public class In {
public static String getString(Object o) {
return JOptionPane.showInputDialog(o);
}
How do we get an int?

Getting an Int
public static int getInt(Object o) {
return Integer.parseInt(
getString(o));
}

JList
a component that allows a user to select one or
more elements from a list
String[] data = {"one", "two", ...};
JList list = new JList(data);

JList
requires a ListSelectionListener that implements
public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e) {
if (e.getValueIsAdjusting() == false) {
//selected: list.getSelectedValue()
}
}

selection mode can be set to single, single interval, or

multiple interval

list.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE
_SELECTION);

Lists can be dynamic

suppose you want the list to change during
execution of the program
use a ListModel (normally DefaultListModel)
to contain the data

dynamic jlist
create the list and pass in the ListModel as input
add or remove elements in the ListModel
the GUI will update the list dynamically
DefaultListModel listModel = new
DefaultListModel();
JList list = new JList(listModel);
listModel.addElement(object);
listModel.removeElement(i);

Scroll Panes
sometimes the list will be too long to display in
the GUI
Solution: display the list inside a JScrollPane

create a scroll pane containing the list

state how many rows you want to display
display the scroll pane, not the list
everything else is as before

jsp
JScrollPane sp = new
JScrollPane(list);
list.setVisibleRowCount(5);
add(sp);

Atomic IO
Atomic actions happen all at once.
Event driven call-backs can complicate
code.
EmployeeRecord = getEmployeeRecord();
How is getEmployeeRecord implemented?

JDialog
Usedtocreatecustomdialogwindows.

AJdialog
atoplevelwindow.
hasanowner,generallyaframe.
It delegates component management to a
contentpane,towhichcomponentsareadded.
Its displayed by invoking its setVisible
method with an argument of true, and is
hidden by invoking its setVisible method
withanargumentoffalse

JDialog
Atypicalconstructorisspecifiedasfollows:

Provides an object to create custom views to get or

presentdata.
public JDialog (Frame owner, String title,
boolean modal)

Implementing getXXX
get data

from a file
from the web
from the user
from

Hiding how the data is obtain encapuslates

complexity.

JColorChooser dialogs
JColorChooserpresentsapaneofcontrolsthatallowausertoselectand
manipulateacolor.

Error Control
int I = getInt(enter an int [1..10],1,10);
The getInt function protects the range on
the int. If the value is not correct, we
prompt the user again.
The RHS waits for the assignment to
complete

JFileChooser
Swing provides a file chooser implemented in 100% pure Java

JFileChooser contains a method for displaying the chooser

within a dialog
JFileChooser f = new JFileChooser();
if ( f.showOpenDialog(frame) ==
JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION )
{
File file = f.getSelectedFile();

The JFileChooser can display open, save

and custom dialogs
showOpenDialog (JComponent)
showSaveDialog (JComponent)
showDialog (JComponent,
String)

JFileChooser allows multiple files to be

selected by setting the MuliSelectionEnabled
property to true
setMultiSelectionEnabled(tr
ue);

FileChooser
JFileChooser directory = new JFileChooser();
directory.setCurrentDirectory(new File(.));
directory.showOpenDialog(this); //open dialog
File file = directory.getSelectedFile();

JFileChooser.getSelectedFiles

JFileChooser.getSelectedFiles can be called to get an array of the selected files

File[] files = f.getSelectedFiles();

The JFileChooser abstracts the file view from the chooser using the
javax.swing.filechooser.JFileView abstract class
You can write your own file view by subclassing JFileView and passing it to the
JFileChooser
f.setFileView (new ImageFileView());

One method of the JFileView returns an icon

This can be overridden to display different icons for different types of files in the
chooser

But how do you select a directory?

Can JFileChooser select a directory?
What about JTree?

Get a Directory

A Directory Chooser
public static File getReadDirFile(String
prompt) {
String dir =
DirectoryChooser.getDirectory(prompt);
if (dir==null) return null;
File f = new File(dir);
return f;
}

Layouts

What is a layout manager?

What does a layout manager do?
What does a layout manager need?
Why do I need layouts?
Can I do GUI's without layouts?
Can you name a few layouts?

Some simple layouts

FlowLayout
GridLayout
BorderLayout
BoxLayout
GridBagLayout.
What are these layouts for?

Adding Components via Layouts

Gui.layouts
DialogLayout

ParagraphLayout

Simple ParagraphLayout

ParagraphLayout

public static void main(String[] args) {

ClosableJFrame cf = new ClosableJFrame();
Container c = cf.getContentPane();
c.setLayout(new ParagraphLayout());
c.add(new JLabel("Name:"));
c.add(new JTextField(20));
c.add(new
JLabel("Name:"),ParagraphLayout.NEW_PARAGRAPH);
c.add(new JTextField(20));
cf.pack();
cf.setVisible(true);
}

PreferredSizeGridLayout

GridLayout ignores preferred

size

How do I use
PreferredSizeGridLayout?

public static void PreferredSizeGridLayoutExample() {

JFrame jf = new JFrame();
Container c = jf.getContentPane();
PreferredSizeGridLayout psgl =
new PreferredSizeGridLayout(0, 2, 0, 0);
psgl.setBoundableInterface(new BoundableComponentPlacement());
c.setLayout(psgl);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//rb.setAlignment((int)(Math.random()*8+1));
c.add(new RunButton("ok" + i) {
public void run() {
}
});
c.add(new RunButton("Cancel" + i) {
public void run() {
}
});
}
jf.setSize(200, 200);
jf.setVisible(true);
}

The following line switches

automatically to GridLayout
psgl.setBoundableInterface(new
BoundableComponentPlacement());

PreferredSize
Call:
Dimension getPreferredSize(){}
To get the preferred size of any component.

VerticalFlowLayout

What is a layout manager?

Responsible for positioning and resizing
components.
LayoutManager is an interface that resides
in the java.awt.

Why do I need a Layout

Manager?
You don't need a LayoutManager.
You can set the Layout to null.
You can reposition and resize all
components your self.

Why is a LayoutManager useful?

Saves labor?
Keeps the layout resolution versatile.
keeps the interface flexible.

How does a LayoutManger

work?
Every layout manager works differently.
Typically, they get components dimensions
components dimensions are used to properly
size and place the components.
Components implement:
Dimension getMinimumSize();
Dimension getMaximumSize();
Dimension getPreferredSize();

What if you don't like your

LayoutManager?
Write your own!
GridLayout ignores the min and max and
preferred sizes! It takes the available space
and evenly divides it among all the
components.
All components are grown to the available
space.

GridLayout

FlowLayout

BoxLayout

keeps min and max size correct. Also centers

alignment

Options passed to the constructor

X_AXIS - Components are laid out
horizontally from left to right.
Y_AXIS - Components are laid out
vertically from top to bottom.

Custom layout managers (1)

Ensure no existing manager does the job
GridBagLayout / BoxLayout
Layout manager downloads

Custom layout managers (2)

Create class which implements Layout Manager interface
e.g. public class myManager implements LayoutManager

Must have 5 methods required by interface

void addLayoutComponent(String, Component)

void removeLayoutComponent(Component)
Dimension preferredLayoutSize(Container)
Dimension minimumLayoutSize(Container)
Void layoutContainer(Container)

See below URL for more documentation

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/layout/custom.html

How do I combine GridLayout

with Preferred Size?
I want a fixed number of rows or columns.
I want to use the preferred size of each
component.
I want to resize the components only if I
don't have enough room.
I don't want components to fill all available
space.

Make your own LayoutManager!

PreferredSizeGridLayout!

Using a custom layout manager

public static void main(String[] args) {

ClosableJFrame cj = new ClosableJFrame();
Container c = cj.getContentPane();
c.setLayout(new VerticalFlowLayout(0,5));
for (int j = 0; j < 30; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
c.add(new RunLabel("Test#" + j + "," + i) {

public void run() {

System.out.println(getText());
}
});
}
cj.setSize(200, 200);
cj.show();
}

Vertical Flow

Building An AddressBook Index

JTree

JTree Example

JTree
A tree is a set of hierarchical nodes.
The top of this hierarchy is called root.
An element that does not have children is
called leaf.
JTree nodes are managed by a TreeModel.
TreeCellRenderer converts an object to its
visual representation in the tree.

TreeModel
Hierarchical data

Parents
Children
Siblings
Ancestors
Descendents

TreeModel

Object getRoot()
Object getChild(Object parent, int index)
int getChildCount(Object parent)
boolean isLeaf(Object node)
void valueForPathChanged(TreePath path, Object newVal)
int getIndexOfChild(Object parent, Object child)
void addTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l)
void removeTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l)

JTree constructors

JTree()
JTree(Object[] value)
JTree(Vector value)
JTree(Hashtable value)
JTree(TreeNode root)
JTree(TreeNode root, boolean
asksAllowsChildren)
JTree(TreeModel newModel)

TreeNodes
Default tree model uses objects of TreeNode to represent the nodes in the
tree.
A default implementation of it is DefaultMutableTreeNode.
TreeNode methods

TreeNode getChildAt(int childIndex)

int getChildCount()
TreeNode getParent()
int getIndex(TreeNode node)
boolean getAllowsChildren()
boolean isLeaf()
Enumeration children()

DefaultMutableTreeNode constructors
DefaultMutableTreeNode()
DefaultMutableTreeNode(Object userObject)
DefaultMutableTreeNode(Object userObject, boolean allowsChildren)

JTree example

import javax.swing.* ;
import javax.swing.tree.* ;
import java.awt.event.* ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.util.* ;
public class TreeNodeExample extends JPanel {
public TreeNodeExample() {
DefaultMutableTreeNode rootNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Categories") ;
DefaultMutableTreeNode parentNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Metals") ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Gold",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Silver",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Bronze",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Copper",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Iron",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Platinium",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Titanium",false)) ;
rootNode.add(parentNode) ;
parentNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Companies") ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Paradigm Research",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("JavaSoft",false)) ;
parentNode.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Wiley Press",false)) ;
rootNode.add(parentNode) ;
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(new JScrollPane(new JTree(rootNode)),"Center") ;
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize()
{ return new Dimension(200,120) ; }
public static void main(String[]args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Tree Node Example") ;
TreeNodeExample panel = new TreeNodeExample() ;
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE) ;
frame.getContentPane().add(panel,"Center") ;
frame.setSize(panel.getPreferredSize()) ;
frame.setVisible(true) ;
}
}

TreeModel Listener
TreeModelListener methods

void treeNodesChanged(TreeModelEvent e)
void treeNodesInserted(TreeModelEvent e)
void treeNodesRemoved(TreeModelEvent e)
void treeStructureChanged(TreeModelEvent e)

TreeModelEvent methods

TreePath getTreePath()
Object[] getPath()
Object[] getChildren()
int[] getChildIndices()

Custom TreeModel
Implementation
Implement interface TreeModel

Custom Tree Model Example

import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
class FileHolder {
File myFile ;
Vector children ;
public FileHolder(File f)
{ myFile = f ; }
public File getFile()
{ return myFile ; }
public Vector getChildren() {
if (myFile.isDirectory() && (children==null)) {
int max=0;
String list[] ;
File curFile ;
FileHolder curHolder ;
children = new Vector() ;
list = myFile.list() ;
if (list!=null)
max = list.length ;
for (int i=0;i<max;++i) {
curFile = new File(myFile,list[i]) ;
curHolder = new FileHolder(curFile) ;
children.addElement(curHolder) ;
}
}
return children ;
}
public String toString()
{ return myFile.getName() ; }
}

Custom Tree Model Example

import javax.swing.* ;
import javax.swing.tree.* ;
import javax.swing.event.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
class FileSystemTreeModel implements TreeModel {
protected FileHolder root ;
protected Vector listeners ;
public FileSystemTreeModel(File r)
{ root = new FileHolder(r) ;
listeners = new Vector() ; }
public Object getRoot()
{ return root ; }
public Object getChild(Object parent, int index)
{ Object retVal=null ;
Vector children ;
if (parent instanceof FileHolder) {
children = ((FileHolder)parent).getChildren() ;
if (children!=null)
if (index<children.size())
retVal=children.elementAt(index) ;
}
return retVal ; }
public int getChildCount(Object parent)
{ int retVal = 0 ;
Vector children ;
if (parent instanceof FileHolder) {
children = ((FileHolder)parent).getChildren() ;
if (children!=null)
retVal = children.size() ;
}
return retVal ; }

public boolean isLeaf(Object node)

{ boolean retVal = true ;
File file ;
if (node instanceof FileHolder) {
file = ((FileHolder)node).getFile() ;
retVal = file.isFile() ;
}
return retVal ; }
public void valueForPathChanged(TreePath path, Object newVal)
{}
public int getIndexOfChild(Object parent, Object child)
{ int retVal = -1 ;
Vector children ;
if (parent instanceof FileHolder) {
children = ((FileHolder)parent).getChildren() ;
if (children!=null)
retVal = children.indexOf(child) ;
}
return retVal ; }
public void addTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l)
{ if ((l!=null)&&!listeners.contains(l))
listeners.addElement(l) ; }
public void removeTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l)
{ listeners.removeElement(l) ; }
}

Custom Tree Model Example

import javax.swing.* ;
import java.awt.event.* ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
public class FileTree extends JPanel {
public FileTree(String startPath) {
JTree tree = new JTree() ;
tree.setModel(new FileSystemTreeModel(new File(startPath))) ;
setLayout(new BorderLayout()) ;
add(new JScrollPane(tree),"Center") ;
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize()
{ return new Dimension(250,200) ; }
public static void main(String[]s)
{ JFrame frame = new JFrame("File Tree Example") ;
FileTree panel = new FileTree(s.length>0?s[0]:"/") ;
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE) ;
frame.getContentPane().add(panel,"Center") ;
frame.setSize(panel.getPreferredSize()) ;
frame.setVisible(true) ; }
}

Jtree

DefaultTreeModel
Interface TreeModel
Declares methods for representing tree structure

Class DefaultTreeModel
Default TreeModel implementation
TreeNode
MutableTreeNode
DefaultMutableTreeNode

JTree Architecture

interface
TreeModel

getRoot() : Object
getChildCount(in parent : Object) : int
getChild(in parent : Object, in index : int) : Object
getIndexOfChild(in parent : Object, in child : Object) : int
isLeaf(in node : Object) : boolean
valueForPathChanged(in Parameter1)

model

JTree

uiDelegate

TreeUI

interface
RowMapper

BasicTreeUI
1

interface
TreeNode

DefaultTreeModel

root

treePathMapping

AbstractLayoutCache

1
*

interface
MutableTreeNode
0..*

FixedHeightLayoutCache

DefaultMutableTreeNode
children

parent

VariableHeightLayoutCache

TreePaths (1)
lastPathComponent

parentPath

TreePaths (2)
A child TreePath prevents all of its ancestors from
being gcd
Used throughout JTree as a unique address for a tree
node
Allows equal() node objects to be used in the
same tree
Some duplicate functionality with the data model
trace node parentage
indent level
higher speed, more memory

JTree expandedState Cache

Treepath used as key, value is Boolean
Cache entry is not removed when node is collapsed
Child entry is not removed if parent is collapsed
JTree "remembers" expansion state of child nodesBoolean.TRUE
Boolean.TRUE
Boolean.TRUE
Boolean.TRUE

JTree Layout Cache

BasicTreeUI treePathMapping table
Position and bounding box info for visible
nodes
VariableHeightLayoutCache
Is JTree default
Caches all visible nodes

FixedHeightLayoutCache
Caches only expanded visible nodes
Only enabled if JTree largeModel = true and
rows are explicitly set to a fixed height

JTree Caching Summary

expanded
state

previously expanded

fixed
height

variable
height

Custom Tree Model Example

import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
class FileHolder {
File myFile ;
Vector children ;
public FileHolder(File f)
{ myFile = f ; }
public File getFile()
{ return myFile ; }
public Vector getChildren() {
if (myFile.isDirectory() && (children==null)) {
int max=0;
String list[] ;
File curFile ;
FileHolder curHolder ;
children = new Vector() ;
list = myFile.list() ;
if (list!=null)
max = list.length ;
for (int i=0;i<max;++i) {
curFile = new File(myFile,list[i]) ;
curHolder = new FileHolder(curFile) ;
children.addElement(curHolder) ;
}
}
return children ;
}
public String toString()
{ return myFile.getName() ; }
}

Custom Tree Model Example

import javax.swing.* ;
import javax.swing.tree.* ;
import javax.swing.event.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
class FileSystemTreeModel implements TreeModel {
protected FileHolder root ;
protected Vector listeners ;
public FileSystemTreeModel(File r)
{ root = new FileHolder(r) ;
listeners = new Vector() ; }
public Object getRoot()
{ return root ; }
public Object getChild(Object parent, int index)
{ Object retVal=null ;
Vector children ;
if (parent instanceof FileHolder) {
children = ((FileHolder)parent).getChildren() ;
if (children!=null)
if (index<children.size())
retVal=children.elementAt(index) ;
}
return retVal ; }
public int getChildCount(Object parent)
{ int retVal = 0 ;
Vector children ;
if (parent instanceof FileHolder) {
children = ((FileHolder)parent).getChildren() ;
if (children!=null)
retVal = children.size() ;
}
return retVal ; }

public boolean isLeaf(Object node)

{ boolean retVal = true ;
File file ;
if (node instanceof FileHolder) {
file = ((FileHolder)node).getFile() ;
retVal = file.isFile() ;
}
return retVal ; }
public void valueForPathChanged(TreePath path, Object newVal)
{}
public int getIndexOfChild(Object parent, Object child)
{ int retVal = -1 ;
Vector children ;
if (parent instanceof FileHolder) {
children = ((FileHolder)parent).getChildren() ;
if (children!=null)
retVal = children.indexOf(child) ;
}
return retVal ; }
public void addTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l)
{ if ((l!=null)&&!listeners.contains(l))
listeners.addElement(l) ; }
public void removeTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l)
{ listeners.removeElement(l) ; }
}

Custom Tree Model Example

import javax.swing.* ;
import java.awt.event.* ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
public class FileTree extends JPanel {
public FileTree(String startPath) {
JTree tree = new JTree() ;
tree.setModel(new FileSystemTreeModel(new File(startPath))) ;
setLayout(new BorderLayout()) ;
add(new JScrollPane(tree),"Center") ;
}
public Dimension getPreferredSize()
{ return new Dimension(250,200) ; }
public static void main(String[]s)
{ JFrame frame = new JFrame("File Tree Example") ;
FileTree panel = new FileTree(s.length>0?s[0]:"/") ;
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE) ;
frame.getContentPane().add(panel,"Center") ;
frame.setSize(panel.getPreferredSize()) ;
frame.setVisible(true) ; }
}

Class: javax.swing.JTable
Swing Component
displays data in table
edit the data

Why do we need a table?

The JTable component is useful for
presenting information of a tabular
nature

JTable properties
Column is the basic unit of the Table.
Row collection of columns
Cell the location of data.

Architecture

MVC (Model-View-Controller)
Model:data of the components.
View:visual representation.
Controller:describe how the component
interacts with user.

MVC
ModelClass

ViewClass

DataAccessor
Methods

DisplayMethods

ControllerClass
EventHandling
Methods

MVC
MVC paradigm
Model
Data storage, no presentation elements

View
No data storage, presentation elements

Controller like a mediator

Glue to tie the Model and the view together

Why use MVC?

Modular design
Consistency
Complexity hiding

Constructors:

JTable( ) - JTable( int rows, int columns )

JTable( Object[ ][ ] rowData, Object[ ] columnNames )
JTable( Vector rowData, Vector columnNames )
JTable( TableModel model )
JTable( TableModel model,
TableColumnModel tcModel )

JTable( TableModel model,

TableColumnModel tcModel,
ListSelectionModel lsModel )

Object[][] data = {{Mary, Campione,

Snowboarding, new Integer(5), new

Boolean(false)},{Alison, Huml,
Rowing, new Integer(3), new
Boolean(true)},{Kathy, Walrath,
Chasing Toddlers, new Integer(2),
new Boolean(false)},{Mark,
Andrews, Speed Reading, new
Integer(20), new Boolean(true)},
{Angela, Lih, Teaching high
school, new Integer(4), new
Boolean(false)}
};

String[] columnNames =
{
First Name,
Last Name,
Sport,
# of Years,
Vegetarian
};
JTable table = new JTable(data,
columnNames);

Interfaces
TableColumnModel manages column
selection and spacing
TableModel provides data.

Events
TableColumnEvent caused by column
model changed.
TableModelEvent caused by TableModel
changed

Change Width
TableColumn column;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
column =
table.getColumnModel().getColumn(i);
if (i == 2)
column.setPreferredWidth(100);

else
column.setPreferredWidth(50);

To change column widths

TableColumn column = null;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
column = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(i);
if (i == 2) {
column.setPreferredWidth(100); //second column is
bigger
} else {
column.setPreferredWidth(50);
}
}

Build Model
TableModel tm = new AbstractTableModel()
{
public void getColumnCount()
{
return columnNames.length;

}
public void getRowCount()
{
return data.length;

}
public Object getValueAt(int row, int col)
{
return data[row][col];

}
public Class getColumnClass(int col)
{
return getValueAt(0, col).getClass();

Put the JTable in a JScrollPane

This automatically deals space for the
header and does the right things!

Split pane
Allows user-controlled resizing of two
components
Can move divider programmatically with
setDividierLocation
int parameter
absolute position

float parameter
percentage

Tabbed Pane
Tabbed panel control
Similar to using CardLayout with buttons
for selecting cards
Use addTab to add components/panels

The JDesktopPane
Parent JLayeredPane.
Can hold multiple overlapping internal
frames.
Internal frames may be dragged, resized,
iconified.
events handled by DesktopManager.

JDesktopPane Pro
more window behavior control over than
JFrames.
Can control minimization,
Can control window look and feel.
Appearance same on all platforms, easily
configurable.

Cons
Requires more management.
Cant just add components without saying
where.
Minimization prefs.

JDesktopPane and
JInternalFrame
Multiple-document interface
A main window (called the parent window)
contains other windows (called child windows)
Manages several open documents that are being
processed in parallel
Implemented by Swings JDesktopPane and
JInternalFrame

Using JInternalFrame
Main constructor
public JInternalFrame(String title,
boolean resizable,
boolean closeable,
boolean maximizable,
boolean iconifiable)

Other useful methods

moveToFront
moveToBack
setSize (required!)
setLocation (required!)

Internal Frames: Example Code

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class JInternalFrames extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JInternalFrames();
}
public JInternalFrames() {
super("Multiple Document Interface");
WindowUtilities.setNativeLookAndFeel();
addWindowListener(new ExitListener());
Container content = getContentPane();
content.setBackground(Color.white);

Internal Frames: Example Code

(Continued)
JDesktopPane desktop = new JDesktopPane();
desktop.setBackground(Color.white);
content.add(desktop, BorderLayout.CENTER);
setSize(450, 400);
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
JInternalFrame frame
= new JInternalFrame(("Internal Frame " + i),
true, true, true, true);
frame.setLocation(i*50+10, i*50+10);
frame.setSize(200, 150);
frame.setBackground(Color.white);
frame.setVisible(true);
desktop.add(frame);
frame.moveToFront();
}
setVisible(true);
} }

Internal Frames:
Example Output

Internal Frames

Minimize

Maximize

Close

Outline

DeskTopTest.java

(2 of 3)

Minimized internal frames

Position the mouse over any corner of a child window to

resize the window (if resizing is allowed).

Maximized internal frame

Outline

DeskTopTest.java

(3 of 3)

Extra Fields in JInternalFrame

closable, closed, desktopIcon,
desktopPane, frameIcon, icon, iconifiable,
layer, layeredPane, maximizable,
maximum, resizable, selected