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THE FIRST RESPONDER

AND
THE BARRICADE MATRIX
Prepared by:
Vanessa H. Villalon - Basa

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
I.

INTRODUCTION

. Background
.

of the Study

Statement of the Problem

. Scope

and Limitations of the Study

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The First Responders Role

First Responders Guidelines

The First Responders Actions

First Responders Report Form

The Barricade Matrix

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities

IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

Crisis Management involves dealing with threats before, during, and


after they have occurred. It is a discipline within the broader context
ofmanagementconsisting of skills and techniques required to identify,
assess, understand, and cope with a serious situation, especially from
the moment it first occurs to the point that recovery procedures start.
This report will give the readers ideas on how the first responders
deal with the situation, their proper activities to cope with every
situation without endangering the victims, the public and themselves.

Statement of the Problem


This research specifically seeks to answer the following
questions:
1.

What are the first responders role?

2.

What are the guidelines used by the first responders?

3.

What is the Barricade Matrix?

4.

What are the activities involved in Barricade Matrix?

5.

How does it helps in Crisis Management Situation?

Scope and Limitation of the Study


The discussion will be limited on to Chapter 6 of the
Book entitled Manual on Human Behavior and Crisis
Management by Dr. Oscar Gatchalian Soriano.
Moreover, the researcher will impart some of her
reactions towards the topic assigned to her.

Significance of the Study


This research was conducted to give the students some knowledge
and information regarding First Responders and the Barricade Matrix.
Criminology interns undergo on-the-job training as part of their
course and through it they experience to work with the police officers in
every agency that they rendered service. As future law enforcers this
study will provide information about First Responders and the Barricade
Matrix which is to be performed professionally by the police officers and
other law enforcers in order to be effective and efficient in any crisis
management situations.
To us, Philippine Air Force and other branches of service in Armed
Forces of the Philippines, it will give us knowledge and additional
information we could use as future reference whenever crisis situation
arises that our service as soldiers will be in need.

Definition of Terms

Barricaded Person - A situation in which a person(s) who is armed or believed to


be armed, suicidal or mentally unstable resists being taken into custody by
barricading himself in a room, building or other location.

Command Post - A secure location within proximity of the outer perimeter, if


possible, from which the supervisor in charge directs the operation.

Crisis Management expert handling of a crisis or emergency to reduce or


eliminate danger or damage, or the like, especially on the part of the
government.

Elapsed Time time frame; first thirty minutes of dealing in actual events.

First Responders - are patrol officers who are responding to emergency situations
in remote settings;

Definition of Terms

First Responders Report Form ready format or checklist; prepared form to


enable patrol elements to deal expeditiously with hostage situations and
barricaded suspects incident in accordance with the law.

Hostage Situation is a set of circumstances wherein a suspected law violator is


holding a person captive with the use of force and threat of violence while the
police are in close contact with the suspect and his captive.

Inner Perimeter - The immediate area of containment as designated by the on


scene supervisor.

Negotiation Approach systematic process of starting work on a task of


negotiating and dealing with hostage-takers, wherein the primary considerations
are the arrangement of terms and conditions between police authorities and
suspects necessary for the release of hostages.

Definition of Terms

Outer Perimeter - A secondary control area surrounding the inner


perimeter, providing a safe zone for access to the inner

perimeter.

Staging Area - A designated location on the outer


perimeter to which all responding personnel will report
for briefing, assignment and equipment. This area will
generally be under the command of a supervisor assigned
by the supervisor in charge of the incident.

Tactical Response Team - A unit of specially selected,


appointed, trained and equipped officers will provide
assistance in those incidents that would require special
tactics, techniques and equipment.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
As a patrol officer, you are not expected to diagnose the individual, nor are you expected to
distinguish between the many variations of psychoses and neuroses. Your principal concern is your own
safety and that the individual, and to make an effort to see that the person receives appropriate
professional attention. (Soriano, 2003)
Proper coordination with all participating elements shall be done to consolidate efforts in solving
crisis. In negotiating for the release of a hostage, the safety of the hostage shall always be paramount.
(PNPM, 2013)
The first responder roles can include initial firefighting and hazard containment, triage and first
aid, evacuation and containment and even quasi-law enforcement functions. You as the first responder
plugs into potentially ongoing actions being performed by internal personnel depends largely on the
scope of the crisis and what functions are automatically transferred upon your arrival.(Sgt Jon, 2009)
Although each and every hostage situation is a separate and totally unique entity upon itself, there
is a certain generic series of events that takes place. The reason for formulating a barricade matrix
is to enable police officers responsible for the planning and response to such incidents to have a
starting point from which to begin their resolution of the problem. The matrix has been designed
around the first thirty minutes of a terrorists attack. (Soriano, 2003)

CHAPTER III
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The First Responders Role
As first responder, your principal concern is for your own safety
and then that of the individual, and making an effort to see that the
person receives appropriate professional attention. The patrol officers
are likely to encounter the mentally or emotionally disturbed
individual under almost any type of circumstances. Many people are
emotionally upset for the moment because of the nature of the
situation, such as an intense family fight or repossession
confrontation, but they return to a state of relative normality fairly
and quickly.

First Responders Guidelines


Hereunder are the guidelines to be observed whenever
you encounter a person who appears to exhibit a mental or
emotional problem more deep-seated than the immediate
circumstance warrants;
1.

Approach the subject with extreme caution; and maintain


a calm and casual manner;

2.

Speak to the subject by name, if you know it. Your tone


of voice should be soothing, but firm and business-like.

3.

Say or do nothing that might threatens or intimidate;

4.

Avoid arguing or scolding the subject, and dont allow


anyone else to do so;

First Responders Guidelines


5.

Make use of friends or relatives who know how to talk to, and deal with the
subject, unless there is friction between them. The subject might have more
trust and confidence in you if you appear to be getting along with friends or
relatives.

6.

Whenever possible, try to stall until you have a follow-up officer on the
scene. This type of situation might be more volatile than a routine arrest.

7.

If the situation warrants it, and you take the subject into custody, do so
carefully. Avoid painful grips, and if possible, keep your gun and other
weapons out of the subjects reach.

8.

When you transfer custody to psychiatric personnel, give these people as


much information about the symptoms you observed and all the details about
their behavior. This will help in the diagnosis. Do the same when you
prepare your reports.

The First Responders Actions


1.

Maintain radio at all times

As a first responder you must carried with you a radio to communicate any situation
arising from the scene. Communication is the heart of the operation during the early stage.
2.

Verify complaint

Make sure to verify that the situation calls for police response and not just a frank calls
from person with psychological behavior.
3.

Determine perpetrators location and weapons

Knowing the perpetrators location and weapons used, the patrol force will know what
kind of approach and tactics will be used for a chance of successful operation.
4.

Communicate findings

Observe the situation, any danger zones or findings that would be useful for the operation
and inform other communicating personnel concerned in the command.

The First Responders Actions


5.

Establish inner perimeter

The immediate area of containment as designated by the on scene supervisor. This area is
initially controlled by first responding officers until relieved by tactical response officers. Other
persons will be evacuated from this area to prevent injury or interference with the operation. Only
personnel authorized by the supervisor in charge should be allowed entry to this area.
6.

Request necessary support


Assess if theres any need for additional personnel, specialized units, and/or other agencies.

7.

Communicate safe entry and exit routes.

Advise responding units of the safe route to enter and exit in the area and any helpful
information regarding the suspect and location; this will direct responding force to positions that
will minimize the movement of the suspect and prevent escape.
8.

Evacuate the trapped and the injured, if possible


The priority is to keep everyone in the area safe if possible.

The First Responders Actions


9.

Maintain command and control

Secure location within proximity of the outer perimeter, if possible, from


which the commander in charge directs the operation and where all
responding personnel will be sent.
10. Establish outer perimeter
A secondary control area surrounding the inner perimeter, providing a safe
zone for access to the inner perimeter. This area is controlled by officers
whose main responsibility is to deny unauthorized access to the area, traffic
and crowd control.
11. Fill

out the First Responders Form

Prepared format or checklist to be filled out to deal expeditiously with


hostage situations.

FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORM


FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORM

FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORM


FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT FORM

As first responders they must learn their roles and


responsibilities by heart to be able to effectively deliver quality police
service in any given situation.

The Barricade Matrix


The reason for formulating this matrix is to enable police officers
responsible for the planning and response to such incidents to have a
starting point for the resolution of the problem.
The primary objective of police action in these incidents is the
preservation of life. The safety of hostages, police personnel, innocent
bystanders, and the offender must be our first concern. A secondary
objective includes the apprehension of the offender, recovery of
property and restoration of order.

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade


Matrix

This matrix has been designed around the first thirty


minutes of a terrorist attack. However, the reader should
understand that the time frame or individual segments
certainly expand or contract during actual events. It should
be understood that the first thirty minutes is probably the
most dangerous.
The actions taken during these preliminary stages will
ultimately affect subsequent events.

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix

THE BARRICADE MATRIX

EVENTS

ELAPSED TIME
- 0-

ZERO HOUR

This is the moment the incident occurs.

ACTIVITIES

It is during this time the event comes to the attention of non-involved persons who
notify the police.

0+1

ACTIVITIES

NOTIFICATION

Law enforcement authorities become aware of the incident

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade


Matrix
0+2

ACTIVITIES
0+5

POLICE RESPONSE

Patrol officers are dispatched to the site to investigate.


LOCATION
One of the most dangerous times during the incident is the arrival of the first responding officers on the scene.

ACTIVITIES
0+6

CONFRONTATION
Using proper techniques, the patrol officers or first responders can make close contact with the target location and confirm
that a problem exists;

ACTIVITIES

During this stage, it is very important that the officers practice utmost firearms discipline unless their lives or others are
compromised;
Barricade situation is either confirmed or not.

0+7

NOTIFICATION
After determining that the terrorist incident does exist, the first responder will notify the dispatcher;
The communication section becomes the heartbeat of the operation;

ACTIVITIES

The lead dispatcher sends additional patrol units to assist the first responder;
Other communication personnel make pre-planned notifications;
Members of Crisis Management Team are the first priority, followed by administrative notifications;

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix


0+8

CONTAINMENT
First responder contain the incident by positioning themselves in the most advantageous positions that provide adequate cover;
All pertinent information is relayed to the dispatcher;

ACTIVITIES

As soon as the nearest supervisor hears this type of call or its confirmation, he should immediately assume command;
Strict firearms discipline, firing only when absolutely necessary;
Consideration should be given as to ways of preventing the escape of the terrorists.

0+9
ACTIVITIES

PREPARATION
A site for Advance Command post is chosen for the arrival of Crisis Management Team;
Near Advance Command Post is the staging area where all responding personnel will be sent.

0+10

ISOLATION
Supervisor must control his deployed officers;

ACTIVITIES

Inner and outer perimeters should begin to form;


The supervisor should use his First Responders Report Form to ensure that the perpetrators have been properly isolated.

0+15

EVALUATION

Things should start settle down;

ACTIVITIES

Supervisor uses this time to slow the action and begin controlling environment and personnel;
A good supervisor and patrol officer will use this time to review what has been done and what needs to be done.

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix


0+16

EVACUATION
All hostages, bystanders and non-essential officers who can be safely evacuated should be removed during this phase;
An evacuation attempt under this scenario could draw the terrorists attention thus increasing the dangers to both victims and rescuers.

ACTIVITIES

0+17

SEGRAGATION
The patrol officers should have, by now, been assembling witnesses and other persons with pertinent information;
First Responders Report Form should be ready for the initial briefing when Conflict Management Team arrives.

ACTIVITIES

0+19

ACTIVITIES

PRE-CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TEAM ACTIONS


All witness should be interviewed with respect to filling out the First Responders Report Form;
Communications, records section, and intelligence section should begin to collect data;
Arrival of Crisis Management Team should be followed by initial briefing.

0+25

ACTIONS OF THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT TEAM


Crisis Management Team is briefed and each team leader issues a Warning Order to his personnel;
Arrest and Sniper teams immediately deployed;

ACTIVITIES

Tactical Operations Center continues to monitor radio traffic;


Ground Commander assumes command;
Teams continue to provide support in anticipation of assault operation.

Elapsed Time, Events and Activities in Barricade Matrix


0+26

PRE-NEGOTATION ACTION
The coordinator of the negotiation team assigns personnel to specific tasks;
The communication specialist has finished setting up the electronic equipment;
Intelligence officers prepare the First Responders Report, status boards and checklists;

ACTIVITIES

The Ground Commander can use this time to give a final briefing to the Conflict Management Team
before beginning negotiations.

0+30

NEGOTATIONS BEGIN
Communications established or continued with the terrorists from the Advance Command Post

ACTIVITIES

location.

CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY
This report paper is entitled The First Responder and the Barricade Matrix sought to answer
the following questions; what are the first responders role; what are the guidelines used by the first
responders; what is the Barricade Matrix; what are the activities involved in Barricade Matrix; and how
does it helps in Crisis Management Situation.
As first responder, ones principal concern is their own safety and then that of the individual,
and making an effort to see that the person receives appropriate professional attention.
First responders should be guided by specific guidelines. They must learn their roles and
responsibilities by heart to be able to effectively deliver quality police service in any given situation.
On the other hand, barricade matrix serves as a starting point for the resolution of the
problem. This will help to enable the police officers responsible for planning on how to response in every
hostage situation.
Without these guidelines and standard procedures, it will be harder for the person in authority
to deal with crisis management situations systematically and successfully.

CONCLUSIONS
In every crisis situations, may it be a hostage situation or terrorist
attack, the first responders has a significant role to play into. Their
observations and analysis in the state of the situation, will be the basis of
the Crisis Management Team to execute acts for the success of the
operation. Being the First Responder in the scene might be one of the most
dangerous designation, for it needs dedication and bravery to be able to
secure the area for the welfare of everyone, not just for the victims and
by standers, but also for his team and for himself.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Police officers without proper training shall not be allowed to participate in hostage
negotiations.
1.

No hostage situations are alike, thats why persons in authority should be making
alternative plans in case that one of it didnt work out.

2.

As a First Responder, one should know how to perform his designated task without
being affected by the situation emotionally.

3.

As a first responder there are a variety of roles you may be called upon to perform
when responding to various crisis incidents, while relying on departmental policy and
guidance, one must also seek to enhance his awareness and sensitivity in crisis
response and planning through proper trainings and other specializations.

4.

Always think worst scenarios that a hostage taker and terrorist might do. Dont
underestimate their capabilities.

End of Presentation

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