DESIGN OF PILE

CAP
NARULA INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GROUP MEMBERS
1. SHABAN AKHTAR (12701312085)
2. AYON BHATTACHARJEE (12701312025)
3. ANUPAM GHOSH (12701312012)
4. SOURAV GHOSH (12701312098)
5. SAMRAN BANERJEE (12701312078)
6. SANAT BANIK (12701312079)

INTRODUCTION
Foundationsprovide support for structures,
transferring their load to layers of soil or rock
that have sufficient bearing capacity and
suitable settlement characteristics.
Very broadly,foundationscan be categorised
as shallowfoundationsor deepfoundations.
Shallowfoundationsare typically used where
the loads imposed by a structure are low
relative to the bearing capacity of the surface
soils.
Deepfoundationsare necessary where the
bearing capacity of the surface soils is
insufficient to support loads imposed and so
they are transferred to deeper layers with
higher bearing capacity.

WHAT IS A PILE CAP?

Apile capis a thickconcretemat that rests on
concrete or timber piles that have been driven
into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable
stable foundation.
It usually forms part of thefoundationof a
building, typically a multi-story building,
structure or support base for heavy equipment.
The castconcretepile cap distributes the load of
the building into thepiles.
A similar structure to a pile cap is a "raft", which
is a concrete foundation floor resting directly
onto soft soil which may be liable tosubsidence.

NEED FOR PILE CAP

Pile foundation is required when the soil bearing
capacity is not sufficient for the structure to
withstand. This is due to the soil condition or
the order of bottom layers, type ofloadson
foundations, conditions at site and operational
conditions.
A pile foundation consists of two components:
Pile cap and single or group of piles. Piles
transfers the loads from structures to the hard
strata, rocks or soil with high bearing capacity.
These are long and slender members whose
length can be more than 15m.

DESIGN OF PILE CAP

As per IS 2911 (Part I/ Sec 3) -2010, the pile
cap may be designed by assuming
that the load from column is dispersed at
45 from the top of the cap up to the mid
depth of the pile cap from the base of the
column or pedestal. The reaction from
piles may also be taken to be distributed at
45 from the edge of the pile, up to the
mid depth of the pile cap. On this basis the
maximum bending moment and shear
forces should be worked out at critical
sections.

ASSUMPTIONS INVOLVED
(i) Pile cap is perfectly rigid.
(ii) Pile heads are hinged to the pile cap and
hence no bending moment is
transmitted to piles from pile caps.
(iii) Since the piles are short and elastic
columns, the deformations and stress
distribution are planer.

DESIGN PARAMETERS
(i) Shape of pile cap.
(ii) Depth of pile cap.
(iii) Amount of steel to be provided.
(iv) Arrangement of reinforcement.

DESIGN PROCEDURE

DETERMINE NUMBER OF PILE

PILE CAP ARRANGEMENT AND PLANE DIMENSION
PILE CAP PRELIMINARY DEPTH
CHECK FORCES IN PILES
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR
CHECK FOR SHEAR
DESIGN OF MOMENT
CHECK FOR BOND
DETAILS FOR REINFORCEMENT

Explanation of pile cap design with example:EXAMPLE 1 :Diameter of pile : 300 mm

Spacing between the piles : 3xd= 3x400 mm
= 1200 mm
2010

[ As per IS 2911
(Part 1/Sec 3) :

Clause : 6.6.2.]
No of piles under a pile cap: 3
Size of column : 400x400 mm
Load transferred by column : 1500 kN
Load on each pile : 1500/3= 500 kN
The dimension of the pile cap, the distance between the
connecting line of the piles and the face of critical zone of
punching shear are given in the figure with details..

Details about the pile cap of this

We
have
assume
that the
effectiv
e depth
of pile
cap
is 500
mm

Unit Moment at face AB = 0.287x1000= 287 kN-m

Unit Moment at face AC = 0.287x1000= 287 kN-m
Unit Moment at face BC = 0.1x1000= 100 kN-m
Formula used to calculate Area of steel against
corresponding moment:

Mu= 0.87 x fy x As t x d (1 - 0.42 x Xu/d)

(AS PER IS:456 (2000) ANNEX G , CLAUSE
38.1
Mu = Moment
fy = Characteristic strength of steel, here 415

As t = Area of steel
d= Effective depth of pile cap
Xu= Depth of neutral axis

Area of steel required parallel to AB = 1991 mm2

Area of steel required parallel to AC = 1991 mm2
Area of steel required parallel to BC = 693 mm2
We should provide 12 mm rod of 113 mm2
Spacing through AB = (113 x 1000)/1991= 60 mm
Spacing through AC = (113 x 1000)/1991= 60 mm
Spacing through BC = (113 x 1000)/693= 160 mm
OVERALL DEPTH OF THE PILE CAP
=(500+(100+12+12+6)X2)= 760 mm

Explanation of pile cap design with example:EXAMPLE 2 :Diameter of pile : 300 mm

Spacing between the piles : 3xd= 3x400 mm
2911
= 1200 mm
1/Sec 3) : 2010

[ As per IS
(Part

Clause : 6.6.2.]
No of piles under a pile cap: 4
Size of column : 400x400 mm
Load transferred by column : 1600 kN
Load on each pile : 1600/4= 400 kN
The dimension of the pile cap, the distance between the
connecting line of the piles and the face of critical zone of
punching shear are given in the figure with details..

Details about the pile cap of this

We have
assume
that the
overall
depth of
pile cap
is 600
mm

Unit Moment at face AB = 0.23x800= 184 kN-m

Unit Moment at face BC = 0.23x800= 184 kN-m
Unit Moment at face CD = 0.23x800= 184 kN-m
Unit Moment at face DA = 0.23x800= 184 kN-m
Formula used to calculate Area of steel against
corresponding moment:
Mu= 0.87 x fy x As t x d (1 - 0.42 x Xu/d)
(AS PER IS:456 (2000) ANNEX G , CLAUSE 38.1)
Mu = Moment
fy = Characteristic strength of steel, here 415
As t = Area of steel
d= Effective depth of pile cap
X Depth of neutral axis

Area of steel required parallel to AB = 1877 mm2

Area of steel required parallel to BC = 1877 mm2
Area of steel required parallel to CD = 1877mm2
Area of steel required parallel to DA= 1877mm2
We should provide 12 mm rod of 113 mm2
Spacing through AB = (113 x 1000)/1877= 60 mm
Spacing through BC = (113 x 1000)/1877= 60 mm
Spacing through CD = (113 x 1000)/1877= 160 mm
Spacing through DA = (113 x 1000)/1877= 160 mm
EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF THE PILE CAP =(600(100+12+12+6)X2)= 340 mm

Making of PILE CAP

In practical field

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our project is successful due to the effort of those

people who have given their valuable time and advice.
We sincerely appreciate the inspiration, support and
guidance of all those people .
We, the student of "NARULA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY"
are extremely thankful to our teachers for giving us the
opportunity to do this project on the topic of Design of
Pile Cap. At this juncture we feel deeply honour in
expressing our sincere thanks to Dr.Chandrasekhar Sen
Majumdar, Prof. Abhipriya Halder, Prof.Priyabrata Guha sir
for making the resources available at right time and
providing valuable insights leading to the successful
completion of our project.

CONCLUSION
Apile capis a thickconcretemat
that rests on concrete or timber
piles that have been driven into
soft or unstable ground to provide a
suitable stable foundation. It
usually forms part of
thefoundation of a building,
typically a multi-story building,
structure or support base for heavy
equipment. The castconcrete pile
cap distributes the load of the
building into thepiles. A similar
structure to a pile cap is a "raft",
which is a concrete foundation floor
resting directly onto soft soil which

SPECIAL THANKS to
PROF. ABHIPRIYA HALDER
We are very thankful that we have a
teacher cum leader like you. Your inspiration
really motivate us to do this project on such
a topic which play a valuable role in civil engineering.
Without your inspiration it is impossible to complete
this project. Thanks a lot sir.for your support and
inspiration