DIFFERENT TYPES

OF
I N S T R U C T I O N A L M AT E R I A L S

DIORAMAS
Greek word di meaning through and orama meaning
that which is seen, a sight.
The word diorama literally means to see through or
through that which is seen.
Dioramas are statics displays creating a realistic scene. It
consist of a three dimensional foreground. Usually models of
people, animals, equioment, vehicles or buildings and a flat
background, usually a photograph, drawing or painting. Also
called exhibit in a Box.

DIORAMA

DIORAMAS AS TEACHING AID

Advantage
Dioramas can be used to reproduce scenes
from the past or depict scenes in the future.

Limitations
Dioramas demands enough space in a room.
Preparation of Dioramas may take a lot of
time.

Utilization Guideliness
The diorama must be large enough to be easily seen.
The diorama must attract attention.
The diorama must be well lighted.
The diorama must be built around one central idea.
The captions of the diorama must be short and simple.
The diorama must convey the message at a glance.
The materials in the diorama must not be crowded
together.

FLASH CARDS
Flash cards are valuable materials for drill
activities particularly in the teaching of
Mathematics, English, and Filipino.
It comes in the form of picture cards, word cards,
phrase cards, sentence cards or mathematical cards.

FLASHCARD

FLASH CARDS AS
TEACHING AID
Advantages
Flash cards can be an important means of fixing
skills and automatizing response of students.
Flash cards can be easily made from recycled
materials.
Flash cards are easy to use and can be easily
carried.

Limitations
Flash cards may be small to be seen by the entire
class.
If flashing is too snappy, the students could find
difficulty in recognizing what is in the flash card.

Utilization Guideliness
The flash cards must be bold and big enough to be seen
by everybody in the class.
Flash cards in a snappy manner to develop fast thinking
or response.
Flash the cards from back to the front.
Answers or labels should be written at the back of the
flash card so that the teacher will be able to check
whether the answer is correct is correct.
Hold the flash cards firmly at the chest level.

CHARTS
(FLIPCHARTS)
Charts are graphic or pictorial representations of a large
mass of information or show progression thru times and
space of people or events, ideas and objects.
Kinds of chart include ( data chart,pictorial chart,
schematic chart, diagrammatic chart, multiple leaf chart,
phantom view chart, development or progress chart, table
chart, time and tabular chart, stream or tree chart and flow
or organizational chart.)

FLIPCHART

C H A RT S A S T E A C H I N G A I D
Advantages
Charts can present summaries of information.
Charts can be easily made by students. These can
be easily used because they do not requires special
equipment.
Charts can be moved with ease from one place to
another.

Limitations
Charts cannot show motion
Big charts can be cumbersome to handle.
Charts can be outdated.

Utilization Guidelines
Plan well to make sure charts fit the lesson.
Parts of the charts should be clear, neat, and detailed
enough for vivid viewing.
Avoid crowding the graphics to be shown.
When identifying a portion, a pointer could be used.
In presenting the chart, attach it on the wall, rather
than holding it.

PUPPETS
(HAND , ROD OR STICK, MARIONETTES
PUPPETS)

Puppets can bring a new dimension to teaching

and provide teachers and students with a vibrant
dynamic way to communicate and express ideas,
information, literature and feelings.
Hand puppets- like finger puppets, sock puppets
which fit the hand like a glove and are operated from
below by fingers.

Rod puppet and stick puppets- which are operated

from below the stage by a combination of rods and
springs or sticks.
Marionettes or string puppets- which are figures
with moving limbs. These are operated from the
above by means of strings.

STICK PUPPETS

Advantages
Puppets make a strong link to literacy and social
skills.
Puppets can provide a way to assess student
learning and how much students have internalized
what they have been taught or read

Limitations
Puppetry require a great deal of money and labor.
Content may get out of context if puppetry is for
old. students

Utilization Guidelines
The teacher should introduce it to the students
carefully and see to it that the class take it seriously.
Emphasize to the class the appropriate actions ,
expressions, voice, and interpretation rather than
clothing or scenery.
Choose characters as appropriately as possible

 Brief all students before the activity. Describe the

situation and indicate what non-participants
should do.
There should be follow-up discussions after it.

C O M I C S T R I P O R S T R I P D R AW I N G
Strip drawings are recommended for their story
value in adaptation of the classics.
Comics is a form of cartooning in which the same
cast of characters form a story in sequence of closely
related drawings, designed to entertain the readers
with lots of caption.

COMIC STRIP

COMIC STRIP AS TEACHING AID

Advantage
Increase interest in the subject.
It is easy to read so its encourages reading.
It provides excitement.
Individualize and personalizes instruction for
certain types of pupil.

Limitations
Pictures are generally small.
There could be misinterpretation in the size or
perspective of the picture.
Choosing the right picture could be a problem for
some teachers. Some pictures cannot depict the totality
of the message intended to presented by the teacher.

Utilization Guidelines
Organize the collection of pictures similar
to a filing system.
Pictures should be easily seen, accurate,
and attractive.

Teachers should move around the class to

show smaller pictures.
Students should be motivated to make their
own collection of pictures from newspaper or
magazine clippings for future references.

Techers and pupils should discuss together

what they find in the picture.
Reading pictures can be rewarding if the
students are given guides on what we see and
how to see the pictures. It could also be better
to consider using illustrated images that
contain text-redundant information, as these
can facilitate learning in various subjects.

GRAPHIC
ORGANIZERS
Graphic organizers ( some of which are also called
concept maps, entity relationship charts, and mind
maps ) are a pictorial way of constructing knowledge
and organizing information.

GRAPHIC
ORGANIZERS

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER AS
TEACHING AID
Advantage
Graphs are made to summarize data, hence
facilitate learning.

Limitations
Graphs can be easily misinterpreted.
Utilization Guidelines
Graphic organizers can be drawn free hand or
printed.

POP-UPS
A movable book has pictures that either move or
stand up at the turn of a page.

POP-UPS

P O P- U P S A S T E A C H I N G A I D
Advantages
The pop-up enhance chance of conversion.
It bring the users full attention to what is in the
content of the pop-up.

Limitations
Be careful that you dont use many page in popups.
Pop-up book are generally small.

Utilization Guidelines
Pictures should easily seen, accurate and
attractive.
Teachers should move around the class to show
the pop-up book.
The message of the book should be clear.

THANK YOU !!!

Prepared by :
Sitti Marra B. Azib
BSED FILIPINO II-A