International Dispatcher Meeting

Serbia June 03-06, 2012

National Power System

Restoration Strategy

Kladovo

Mission

The National Power Grid Company Transelectrica is

responsible for electricity transmission, system and market
operation, grid and market infrastructure development,
ensuring the security of the Romanian power system. It also
serves as the main link between electricity supply and
demand, matching all the times power generation with
demand.

Monday 5 October 2015

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Equipment
80 electric substations, of which:
1 substation of 750 kV(used at 400 kV)
37substations of 400 kV
42 substations of 220 kV

212 main transformer units

24 x 400/220+ 400/220/MT
26 x 400/110+400/110/MT
81 x 220/110 kV+220/110/MT
80 x 110/MT kV

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Overhead lines
9140 km of overhead lines (OHL), of which:
154,6 km of 750 kV kV(use at 400 kV)
4890 km of 400 kV
4096 km of 220 kV
of 110 kV (38 km interconnection lines to the
neighboring systems)

OHL 400 kV Isaccea (RO) Varna (Bulgaria) on

May 27, 2011 (after switching voltage level from
750 kV to 400 kV).

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Power System Operational Control

Dispatching Centers & Operational Hierarchy
National Dispatching Centre (DEN)

N
E

Transelectrica National
Control Centre (DEN):

National level

coordinates the generation,

technological system
services, transmission and
110 kV distribution level

Regional level

includes the Central

Dispatching Centre and 5
Regional Dispatching
Centers.

RDC
Bacu

CDC

RDC
Bucharest

RDC Craiova

RDC
Timioara

RDC Cluj

controls 342 power units

PLDC
> 1000 MW
CDC = Central Dispatching Center
RDC = Regional Dispatching Centers
DDC = Distribution Dispatching Center
LDDC = Local Distribution Dispatching Centers
(medium voltage)
HDC = Hydro Dispatching Centers
PLDC = Power Plant Dispatching Centers
CLDC = Consumer Local Dispatching Centers

HDC

Power entities &

network operators
level (regional and
local)

DDCD

LDDC

PLDC
< 1000 MW

CLDC

Control Room CDC

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Balance of exchanges across the borders in

2011 [GWh]

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What is new in Romanian Power System

Wind farm gross generation capacity:
1300 MW June 2012 / 2100 MW December 2012 (estimated)
On May 17th, 2011: Companies Transelectrica inaugurated the 400 kV
substation Tariverde in Constanta County. It was the first important substation of the
transmission grid to discharge the renewable electricity from wind farms. The
Tariverde substation provide connection of over 700 MW installed capacity to the
Romanian Power System.
On May 3rd, 2012 Co. Transelectrica - Transmission and System Operator of
Romania commissioned its 80th transmission substation, namely the 400/110 kV
Rahman, Tulcea County (connected in former 400 kV OHL Isaccea Dobrudja), with
the main goal to discharge the renewable energy from wind power plants.
The 400/110 kV substation Rahman will connect 700 MW to the Electricity
Transmission Grid.
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Wind power forecasting methods are used, but

predictability of wind plant output remains low.
In this conditions the challenge for Romania in
wind farm integration is not only the assurance of the
access to the grid and the grid development, but also
the development of the whole system in direction of:
flexibility of the supply, operation (assurance of
needed reserves).

The solutions are:

- Construction of pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant
Tarnita - Hydropower Plant is a large hydroelectric pumped-storage project in Romnia
(four turbines, each capable of producing 250 megawatts, for a total of 1000 MW).
- Solar power tends to be complementary to wind
(peak wind speeds appears often during the night)
-distribution of wind farms in different places (while the local wind speeds vary, as more
turbines are connected over larger and larger areas the average power output becomes
less variable)
- Intraday Power Market

National Power System

Restoration Strategy
Blackout:
Major incident in the power network, with large consumption
out of service, restoration depending by the primary cause with
major economic consequences, social and affect securitysensitive consumers

Is there any particular reason

Not only one.but unexpected

reasons

-Earthquake
-Storm
-Thunderstorm
-Short-circuits
-Defective equipment
-Humans
1. Handling errors
2. Inaccurate or inadequate communication between
operators
3. Insufficient training
4. Precarious mental state
5. Social events
6. And so on

Lets fight against the blackout

1. Analyzing
2. Communication
3. Action
4. Principle
5. Prevention

Analyzing
NDC dispatcher use SCADA to
identify
1.
2.
3.
4.

the size of the black-out

islands operating parameters
substations under voltage
generators operating on supply
service
5. triggered equipment and
eventually the possible
consideration
6. establish the interconnection
lines that are under voltage

Communication
CONTACT
Regional Dispatch Center dispatchers
Service engineer of the plants that are in
immediate command
Operational of the stations that are in
immediate command
Announces neighboring power systems
dispatchers
INFORM that the system is no longer
under voltage
ESTABLISH the principle (basics) of
action for operational personnel (for
dispatch, power plants, substations).

Action
In Power Plants :
1. start generators for supplying services
2. insular groups will be maintained in the
revolution
3. insular plants regulate frequency

Action
In Substations :
1. Start generators for supplying services
2. Cancel automatics
3. Switch off the lines

Principle

Established restoration network, depending on situation , using :

1. interconnection lines (get in touch with neighbors)
2. isolated groups on their supply services
3. insular plants

Principle
Give priority to energize supply
services of plants which are
follow to start

Principle

Start generators in hydro plants

provided by independent
sources

Principle

The lines that

energized the plants
will be put in operation
under the scheme
established in the
order.
If in certain cases they
can not comply, it will
preferably use 110 kV
and 220 kV lines

Principle
The restoration network is carried out and leads by RDC when
contains installation of regional area, or NDC, when
equipments are included in the network in several regional
areas.
National Dispatch Center (NDC)
RDC
Bacu

RDC
Bucharest

HDC

DDC

RDC
Craiova

RDC
Timioara

RDC
Cluj

PLDC
> 1000 MW

HDC

PLDC

LDDC

CLDC

NDC - Central Dispatch Center

RDC - Regional Dispatch Center
DDC - Distribution Dispatch Center
LDDC - Local Distribution Dispatch Center
HDC - Hydro Dispatch Center
PLDC - Power Plant Local Dispatch Center
CLDC - Consumer Local Dispatch Center

Principle

For islands, set the plant which regulates the frequency

Take care as plant must has frequency regulation range
Islanded plants without possibility of regulating the frequency will be
synchronized to an area with a regulated plant
Restarted plants will be synchronized as soon as possible and loaded,
establishing regulated plants at first in an area, then on the system in
proportion as interconnect islands

Principle
Keep consumption under control
Restore a stable interconnected system and not
supplying consumption
Supply consumption in controlled amount,
achieve a stable operating generator-lines
Consumption supplied will be controlled in size
and structure
Load plants will be up 20% over the minimum
technical
Provide enough active power on, run with
automatic running control

Principle

Keep checking the active power on the lines and generators

Predominantly resistive consumption
Quantified consumption disconnected
Respect the load and parameters
Avoid dangerous shocks
Avoid generators that work into capacitive

Principle
Load the lines to avoid overloads :
110 kV line, P 50 MW, Q 20 MVAr, 220 kV lines of P 150MW, Q 50
MVAr, 400 kV lines P 500 MW, Q 100 MVAR
400kV lines will energize generatotrs of 300 MW or larger areas of the
system They
avoid maneuver that can lead to impossible voltage controlled group
switch tap on transformers
reactors will be in operation as the last solution
Avoid maneuver without controlling electricity parameters
A triggered equipment will not be put in operation till see the triggered
cause
Avoid isolators maneuvers

Balancing market
doesnt work

P [MW]

Load Forecast

Purchasing DAM

Physical notification

Sale DAM

Bilateral Contracts
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Time

Prevention
oSource of reactive power evenly distributed
oA lower angle between voltage of generators
oAvoid excessive burdens of long lines
oContinues current lines
oIntelligent islands
oAutomation based on a frequency or voltage level
oAutomation against asynchronous operating
oIncrease seeing tie lines and more than

Thank you for your attention!

!
Calin Ghita
Shift Leader Dispatcher

Marian Neacsu
Network Dispatcher

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