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Heat Treatments
What is Heat
Treatment ?
A combination of heating and
cooling operation, timed and
applied to a metal or alloy in
the solid state in a way that will
produce desired properties, and
improve the exist properties.
Purpose of Heat
Treatment
Types Of Heat
Treatment
Annealing
Normalizing
Hardening
Tempering
Stress Relieving
Carburizing
Nitriding
Annealing
Annealing
This process consists of heating the
steel to austenitising temperature (850
- 925 deg C) and cooling slowly to room
temperature to reduce hardness and
improve machinability.
Solution Annealing
Solution Annealing
Normalizing
Normalizing
Hardening
Hardening
Tempering
Tempering
Stress
Relieving
Stress Relieving
Heating to a suitable temperature,
holding long enough to reduce residual
stresses, and then cooling slowly
enough to minimize the development
of new residual stresses.
Carburizing
Nitriding
Cyaniding
Carburizing
Carburizing
Material is heated up to
austenitizing temperature in CO &
CO2 atmosphere
And then after sufficient soaking
time it is quenched in water or oil.
Effect of alloying
elements
Purpose of Alloying
Improve Hardenability
Improve strength at ordinary temperatures
Increase wear resistance
Improve corrosion resistance
Improve toughness without affecting the
strength & hardness.
To improve mechanical properties either at
higher or lower temperatures.
Aluminum
Chromium
It increases hardenability
It increases resistance to
corrosion and oxidation.
It gives strength at high
temperatures.
Gives abbrasive & wear
resistance.
Cobalt
Molybdenum
Nickel
Vanadium
Increases hardenability.
It promotes fine grain at elevated
temperature.
Resist tempering and causes
secondary hardening
Tungsten
Titanium
Silicon
Used as a deoxidizer.
Improves electrical & magnetic
properties
Increases hardenability
Strengthened low alloy steels.
Hardens the alloy with loss in
plasticity
Improves the oxidation resistance.
Manganese
HT of various Grades
Normalizing
Material
Temperature
A105
900 - 920 deg C
A182 F11, F22 900 - 920 deg C
WCB
900 - 920 deg C
Stress Relieving
Material
Temperature
Furnaces