NEMATHODE

NON SOIL
TRANSMITTED
BY: GROUP 4

CLASSIFICATION
OF NEMATHODE

NEMATHODE

INTESTINAL
NEMATHODE

SOIL TRANSMITTED
HELMINTH

TISSUE
NEMATHODE

NON-SOIL
TRANSMITTED
HELMINTH

Enterobius
vermicularis
(Oxyuris
vermicularis
)

Trichinella
spiralis

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris

vermicularis)

HISTORY, HOST AND

DISEASE

Known since erst and many research take about their a

biology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms.

Host : Human

Disease : Enterobiasis/Oxyuriasis

GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
The

parasite is cosmopolitan, but it is more often found in cold

than hot area.

The parasite can also be transmitted through the relationship

between humans and in the accordance environment.

Morpholog
y
- THE FEMALE IS ABOUT 8-13

MM. THE ANTERIOR END :

CUTICLE LIKE ALAE.
- BULB ESOPHAGUS HAS
DISTINCT, AND HAS A LONG
TAIL. THE GRAVID FEMALE
HAS TWO DISTENDED UTERI
WHICH ALMOST FILL THE
WHOLE BODY
- THE MALE IS
APPROXIMATELY 2-5 MM LONG
- THE MALE HAS WINGS AND
THE TAIL LOOKS LIKE
QUESTION MARK (?)

LIFE CYCLE

PATOLOGY

Infection

Mature
worms

gravid females Migrated to

Perianal(pruritus ani),infection
in Children

intestinal ,and female reproductive

tract(uterus and fallopian tubes)

CLINICAL
SYMTOMS
Clinical Symptoms
symptoms of Enterobiasis are appetite loss, weight loss ,quicktempered, insomnia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomit.

DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL

SIGN &SYMPTOMS (itch in

the perianal area at night)

DIAGNOSIS
LAB

ANAL SWAB
ANAL SWAB

MEDICINAL TREATMENT
o MEBENDAZOLE EFFECTIVE AGAINST ALL STADIUMS
OF THE PINWORM DEVELOPMENT , WHILE
PIRANTHEL AND PIPERAZIN GIVEN IN SINGLE
DOSES NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST EGGS

o PYRANTEL PAMOATE EFFECTIVE BUT HAVE SIDE

EFFECTS NAUSEA AND VOMITING.

o PIPERAZINE VERY EFFECTIVE WHEN DRINK WITH A

GLASS OF WHITE WATER IN THE MORNING , WHICH

DRUGS REACH IN THE CECUM AND THE COLON .

EPIDEMOLOGY
Pinworms spread wider than the other worms. Transmission of
pin worms can occur In the family or group who live in the
same neighborhood.
Inside the house, pinworm eggs can be found in the floor,
table, chairs, sideboards , toilet sits, bathup , mattress, and
clothes

The children 5-9 years old are susceptible to the

enterobiosis disease.

Nail should be always cut

short

HYGENITAS

PREVENTIV
E

Clothing and mattress pads

should be washed and changed
every day

.Hands washed before eating

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

History, Host and Disease

HISTORY

Richard owen (1835) is the first to describe

the larva of Trichinella in a human muscle.

The host of Trichinella spiralis are human, pig,

dog, cat, bear, rat, etc.

Disease of Trichinella spiralis is Trichinelosis/

trichinosis/trichiniasis.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Cosmopolitan
In Europe , USA and countries have the habit of eating pork cooked underdone

MORPHOLOGY

LIFE CYCLE

LIFE CYCLE
HTTP;//WWW.CDC.GOV/PARASITES/TRICHINELOSIS/BIOLOGY.HTML

PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

SEVERITY OF INFECTION CAUSED BY ADULT WORMS AND LARVAE

INTESTINAL SYMPTOMS INCUBATION PERIOD, 1-2 DAYS AFTER

INFECTION.

7-28 DAYS LARVAE AFTER INFECTION SPREAD IN MUSCLE CAUSES

SYMPTOMS OF THE PAIN MUSCLE (MYALGIA) AND INFLAMMATION
MUSCLE (MYOSITIS) AND THE FEVER

ADULT WORMS INVADE THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA INTESTINAL

SYMPTOMS SUCH AS ABDOMINAL PAIN, DIARHEA AND VOMIT.

Symptoms of larvae infestation depend on the organ:

Puffiness around the eyes
Joint pain
Respiratory symptoms
Heart defects
The patient will die within 2-3 weeks in case of severe infection
(5000 larvae tail/kg body heavy)

If the patient has a lung disorder, brain or heart, will die within 6-8
weeks

DIAGNOSA
CLINI
S
LAB

EPID

At least three of the following six: fever, muscule soreness

and pain, gastrointestinal symptoms , facial edema,
eosinphilia and subconjunctival, subngual and retinal
hemorrhages

Muscle biopsy
Cerology test e.g: Skin test and ELISA
At least one of the following three : consumption of
laboratory confirmed parasitized meat,consumption of
potentially parasitized products from a laboratory
confirmed infected animal epidemiological link to a
laboratory confirmed ,human casa by exposure to the same
common source.

MEDICINAL TREATMENT
ANTIHELMINTH

DRUGS CAN HELP PREVENT THE PROGRESSION OF TRICHINELLOSIS BY

KILLING THE ADULT WORMS AND SO PREVENTING FURTHER RELEASE OF

LARVAE.

SEVERE CASES

Anti parasitic

Albendazol
Mebendazol

Steroid

Prednisone
Pyrantel (Combantrine)

www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Cook pork temperature 70oC cook until it is no longer pink inside.
pork cuts less than 6 inches thick can be rendered safe if frozen
to -17oC to 20 days -23.3oC for 10 days

THANK YOU