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CHAPTER 4

THE BUSINESS PLAN

Objectives:
1.Understand the importance of a business plan, and
2.prepare the business plan.

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What is the Business Plan?


A business plan is a written document, which described the
proposed business or project to be undertaken in a
comprehensive manner. It also known as a working paper,
business proposal, project paper or prospectus.

Reason for preparing a Business Plan:


1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

To allow the entrepreneur to view and evaluate the


proposed business venture in an objective, critical and
practical manner.
To analyze and evaluate the viability of proposed venture.
To convince relevant parties of the investment potential of
the project.
As a guideline for managing the business
To allocate business resources effectively.

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Who needs a Business Plan


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The Entrepreneur
Investors
Financial Institutions
Suppliers
Customers
Company staff

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1.

Entrepreneur
A business plan will enable the entrepreneur to fully understand the proposed
business. The entrepreneur can determine in advance whether there is market for
the proposed products or services.

2.

Investors
Investors will need to fully comprehend the proposed venture before making any
investment decision. Hence, the presence of a Business Plan will assist potential
investors in analysing and evaluating the viability of a project.

3.

Financial Institutions
In approaching the financial institutions for loans or other forms of financial
assistance, the entrepreneur is often required to explain the purpose of the financial
assistance, its proposed usage and how repayment will be made through the
intended business.

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4.

Suppliers
Credit given on purchase of materials from various suppliers is another form of
assistance that is vital for business survival. Most credit is given when the suppliers
are convinced that both the business and the entrepreneur are able to meet the
required payment or purchase.

5.

Customers
Many businesses rely on contracts and tenders put out by institutional clients as their
main source of business. For such businesses, the Business Plan is essential s
part of the tendering process to convince the customer of the ability and capability of
the business to fulfill the requirements of the tendered job.

6.

Company Staff
A business that wants to succeed needs the right kind of people working for it. While
all businesses have to complete for staff, small businesses have an extra hurdle of
trying to attract staff, especially more qualified people. Potential employees have to
be convinced of the jobs and the growth potential of the company. The business
plan can be used to convince potential staff members of the attractiveness of
working for the business.
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BUSINESS
BUSINESS PLAN
PLAN FORMAT
FORMAT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Cover letter
Tittle page
Table of contents
Executive summary
Main body of the Business Plan
Appendices

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1.

Cover Letter
The cover letter is often enclosed with the completed Business Plan as an
introduction to the purpose and contents of the attached plan.

2.

Cover Page
The cover page of a Business Plan needs to present certain basic introductory
information. The basic items needed are:
Title of the Business Plan
Name of the business and business address
Name of the writer/s
Date of submission

3.

Table of Contents
This page will list the main headings, tables schedules and appendices according to
page numbers. This will facilitate the reader in identifying the appropriate pages for
easy reference.

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4.

Executive Summary
The executive summary is contained early in the paper because it is essential in
convincing and motivating the reader to spend time going through the whole plans so
as to fully understand to proposed project and consequently support the purpose of
the Business Plan.

5.

Main Body of the Business Plan


It contains essential information related to the various aspects of the proposed
venture particularly the administrative, marketing, operation and financial plans.

6.

Appendices
This section contains supporting documents that may be relevant to the proposed
business venture but cannot be effectively fitted into the main body of the business
plan. Example of supporting documents are:
Suppliers quotation
Agreement letter
Letter of references
Research findings
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MAIN
MAIN BODY
BODY OF
OF THE
THE BUSINESS
BUSINESS PLAN
PLAN
The main body of business plan contains extensive information and forms
the core of the completed plan. This section is composed of the following
sections:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Introduction
Purpose
Company background
Owner/Partners background
Location of the business
Administrative plan
Marketing plan
Operation plan
Financial plan
Conclusion
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1.

Introduction
This section gives an overall introduction to the proposed business venture. Items
that need to be covered under this section include:
a. Name of the company
b. Nature of the business
c. Industry profile
d. Location of the business
e. Date of business commencement
f. Factors in selecting the proposed business
g. Future prospects of the business

2.

Purpose
Every Business Plan is prepared with a particular purpose in mind and this
purpose must be stated in a clear, concise and coherent manner. For instance, if
the Business Plans purpose is to obtain a working capital loan for Maybank Bhd.,
for amount of RM50,000, then the purpose statement can be stated as follows:
This business plan is prepared by MSNA Sdn. Bhd. For the purpose of obtaining
working capital loan from Maybank Bhd., for the amount of RM50,000.

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On the other hand, if the Business Plan is prepared as a guide for the entrepreneur to manage
the business, the purpose statement can be stated as:
This business plan is prepared by MSNA Sdn. Bhd., as a guideline for managing the purpose
venture.

3.

Company Background
This section will give details of the company background. The basic information required
include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
I.

Name of the company


Business address
Correspondence address (include website/email address)
Telephone number
Form of business
main activity or activities
Date of commencement
Date of registration
Registration number

j.

Name of bank

k. bank account number


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4.

Owner/Partners Background
The information here serves to highlight the owners business partners business
credibility as well as their ability to manage the proposed business.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
I.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.

Name of owner/partners
Identity card number
Permanent address
Correspondence address
Telephone number
Date of birth
Age
Marital status
Academic qualification
Courses attended
Skills
Experience
Present occupation
Previous business experience
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5.

Location of the Business


The purpose of this section is provide additional information on the location of the project.
Such information should include:
a. Physical location of the project (e.g. whether it is located adjacent to the main road
and other designated premises)
b. Building (e.g. type, structure, condition, size and cost of the building)
c. Basic amenities (i.e. water, electricity, telephone lines)

6.

Administrative Plan
The administrative of any business forms an important base from which the business
routines are maintained and controlled. More often than not, the administration section
has to manage the overall business objective and goals.
a. Introduction to the organization
One of the best way to introduce a business organization is to state its vision and
objectives.
b. Organization chart
An organization chart will shoe how a business is structured according to the
department and/or position in the company.
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c.
c. Manpower
Manpower Planning
Planning
The
The administrative
administrative Plan
Plan needs
needs to
to include
include aa list
list of
of all
all the
the staff
staff position.
position. ItIt isis best
best to
to present
present the
the
positions
positions and
and number
number of
of people
people for
for each
each position
position in
in table
table form
form to
to facilitate
facilitate easier
easier understanding
understanding

POST

NO

QUALIFICATION

RESOURCES

GENERALMANAGER

DEGREE

PARTNERSHIP

OPERATIONMANAGER

DEGREE

PARTNERSHIP

ADMINISTRATION
EXECUTIVE

DEGREE

PARTNERSHIP

MARKETINGEXECUTIVE

DEGREE

PARTNERSHIP

FINANICIALEXECUTIVE

DEGREE

PARTNERSHIP

OPERATIONALSTAFF

SPM/STPM

OPERATION
DEPARTMENT

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d.
d. Schedule
Schedule of
of tasks
tasks and
and responsibility
responsibility
AA schedule
schedule of
of tasks
tasks and
and responsibilities
responsibilities has
has to
to be
be constructed
constructed for
for every
every post
post that
that isis available
available in
in
the
the organization.
organization.

Designation
General Manager

Description
Organizes and manages business structure
and operation systematically.
-As a coordinator to all section in business to
achieve business target monthly or yearly.
-Make sure the company reputation maintain
stabilized and harmonized.
-Involves in internal and external decisionmaking.
-To control the activities of the workers and
motivate them to
worked efficiently and
effectively.
-Be a referent person in business.

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e.
e. Schedule
Schedule of
of remuneration
remuneration
The
The administrative
administrative plan
plan has
has to
to include
include the
the remuneration
remuneration schedule
schedule that
that lists
lists the
the salary
salary and
and
wage
wage structure
structure for
for each
each position.
position.
POSITION

NO OF
WORKER

SALARY
(RM)

EPF
13%

SOCSO
2%

TOTAL
(RM)

General
Manager

RM1800.00

RM234.00

RM36.00

RM1530.00

Marketing
Executive

RM1300.00

RM169.00

RM26.00

RM1105.00

Administration
Executive

RM1300.00

RM169.00

RM26.00

RM1105.00

Financial
Executive

RM1300.00

RM169.00

RM26.00

RM1105.00

Operational
Executive

RM1300.00

RM169.00

RM26.00

RM1105.00

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f.f. List
List of
of Office
Office Equipment
Equipment
AA list
list of
of office
office furniture
furniture and
and equipment
equipment isis necessary
necessary to
to facilitate
facilitate layout
layout planning
planning and
and budget
budget
consideration.
consideration.
NO

ITEMS

QUANTITY

PRICE

TOTAL

WRITING TABLE

RM270

RM1350

CHAIRS (MANAGER)

RM90

RM90

CHAIRS (STAFF)

RM45

RM180

CABINET FILES

RM200

RM200

AIR CONDITIONER

RM1500

RM3000

SOFA SET

RM399

RM399

KETTLE

RM45

RM45

TELEPHONE

RM30

RM120

TOTAL

19

RM2579.00

RM5384

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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g. Administration Budget
In order to facilitate the overall financial planning of the business, all costs under every
section of the business plan need to be summarized under the relevant section. The cost
structure of a business can be divided into three main categories: Fixed Assets, Monthly
Expenses and Other Expenses.
Fixed Assets
Refer to the investment made in the purchase of assets that will be used in the organization
for a period of more than one year. The key items include under fixed assets include the
purchase of furniture and fittings, purchase of business premises/ or any renovation of the
premises.
Monthly Expenses
Refer to the payments that have to be made every month as part of maintaining the business
existence. The main expenses include remuneration and contributions for business
personnel, monthly payment for utilities (i.e. electricity, water and telephone), business
premises rental and office suppliers.
Other Expenses
refer to the expenses that do not fall into the above two categories. These items are often
expenses incurred once a year or on a periodic basis. Examples of these include vehicle
road tax and insurance, business registration fees, deposits for utilities, deposits for rental
and legal fees.

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NO

ITEMS

CAPITAL
EXPENSES
(RM)

MONTHLY
EXPENSES
(RM)

OTHER
EXPENSES
(RM)

1.

FURNITURE

2.

STATIONARY

RM150.00

3.

SALARY

RM7000.00

4.

EPF

RM910.00

5.

SOCSO

RM140.00

6.

DEPOSIT:RENTAL

RM4000.00

7.

ELECTRICITY

RM300.00

8.

WATER

RM300.00

9.

TELEPHONE

RM200.00

10.

INSURANCE

11.

COMPUTER

RM6000.00

12.

FAX MACHINE

RM1200.00

13.

PRINTER

RM400.00

14.

RENOVATION

RM5000.00

15.

RENTAL

RM2000.00

16.

TELEPHONE

RM400.00

17.

WATER

RM150.00

18.

ELECTRICITY

RM500.00

19.

LICENSE FEE

RM50.00

20.

BUSINESS REGISTRATION FEE

RM70.00

TOTAL

RM5384.00

RM335.00

RM17984.00

RM11785.00

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RM4920.00

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7.

The Marketing Plan


The success of a business venture depends very much on the ability of that
business to offer the product(s) or service(s) that is demanded by the target
market. In order to meet customer demand, the product or service must
fulfilled the needs and wants of that customer group. Among the items that
have to be discussed in the Marketing Plan are:
i. Product and service description
ii. Target market
iii. Market size
iv. Competition
v. Market share
vi. Sales forecast
vii. Marketing strategies
viii. The marketing budget
(will be discuss further)

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8. Operation Plan
The Operation Plan also has its basic components. The items that have to be
discussed include:
i.
Process flow chart
ii.
Production schedule
iii. Material requirement
iv.
Manpower requirements
v.
Machine and equipment
vi. Operation layout plan
vii. Location
viii. Operation overheads
ix. Operation budget
(will be discuss further..)

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9. Financial Plan
The financial plan acts as a point where all the financial information in the administrative,
marketing, and operation plans are collated and summarized to give a picture of how much
the business will cost to run. All this information is needed to:
a.
prepare the project implementation cost
b.
plan the sources of funds
c.
Plan and view the business cash situation through the preparation of the Proforma
Cash flow
d.
plan and view the business profit/loss through the Preparation of the Proforma Profit
and loss
e.
Plan and view the overall financial standing of the business at the end of the
accounting period through the preparation of the Proforma balance Sheet.

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The following need to be prepared as part of the Financial Plan:


a.
Project implementation cost schedule
b.
Source of fund schedule
c.
Fixed Assets depreciations tables
d.
Loan amortization schedule (if relevant)
e.
Hire purchase repayment schedule (if relevant)
f.
Proforma cash flow
g.
Proforma profit and loss
h.
Proforma balance sheet
(Will be discuss further..)
10. The Conclusion
The conclusion section end the Business Plan by giving a brief summary of the
main contents, the main purpose of the Business Plan and other related point to
bring the total plan to a close.

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