CH 1 Fractions. Add, Subtract

Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business, 4 th Edition
CHAPTER 1: FRACTIONS. ADD, SUBTRACT.
www.wiley.com/college/Bradley
John
Wiley
and
Sons
2013
John
Wiley
and
Sons
2013
Fractions
Examples on the following slides:

Addition and subtraction involving fractions:
John
JohnWiley
Wileyand
andSons
Sons2013
2013
Fractions
A fraction is written as follows:
a
b
numerator
denominato r
Where a and b may be numbers or symbols

The top line is called the numerator
The bottom line is called the denominator
John Wiley and Sons 2013
Addition or subtraction of fractions

Worked Example 1.3:
Simplify the following expression
1
2
4
7
3
5
giving your answer as a single fraction
Add/Subtract Fractions: See text page 5

1 2 4

7 3 5
Terminology: a common denominator:
A common denominator is a number or expression that
is divisible exactly by the denominator of each
individual fraction
In this case the common denominator is 7 3 5,
which is the product of the denominators from all
three individual fractions
Worked example 1.3

Addition and subtraction of fractions:
Method
Start by writing down the
common denominator
1 2 4

7 3 5
.................
7 3 5
Then for each fraction in turn.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Divide its denominator into

the common denominator
Then multiply the result by
its numerator (top line)
Bring down the sign between
this and the next fraction
Repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 with
the next fraction
First fraction
1
2
3
1
7
Numerator
Denominator
5)
Common
denominator
..........
..........
............
7 3 5
(3 5)........................
[7 3 5]
(3 5) ........................
[7 3 5]
Divide its denominator (7) into

the common denominator (7 3
7 3 5
7
3 5
The result is 3 5
Then multiply the result by its
numerator (top line).
i.e. 3 5 is multiplied by 1
Enter this answer as shown opposite
Bring down the sign ( + in this case)
and continue
Second fraction
1
2
4
7
3
5
(3 5) .........................
7 3 5
2 Numerator
3 Denominator
Method
its denominator into the
Divide
common denominator
7 3 5
75
3
then multiply the result by its
numerator (top line)

i.e. 7 5 is multiplied by 2. Enter
(3 5) (7 5 2) ........
this result as shown opposite.
Bring down the sign ( - in this
7 3 5
case) and continue
Third fraction
4
5
1
2
4
7
3
5
(3 5) (7 5 2) (7 3 4)
Numerator
Denominator
Divide its denominator into the
common denominator
7 3 5
73
5
7 3 5
Common denominator

Simplify
1 2 4 (3 5) (7 5 2) (7 3 4)

7 3 5
7 3 5
15 70 84
7 3 5
1
105
Add/Subtract Fractions involving x

Example: Simplify the following expression, giving
your answer as a single fraction
x 2x 4x
7 3
5
First take a common denominator.
In this case the common denominator is 7 3 5
..the product of all individual denominators
To add or subtract fractions: example

Method
For each ndividual

fraction in following
expression.
x 2x 4x
7 3
5
1.
2.
3.
4.

Then multiply the result by
its numerator
Bring down the sign
between this and the next
fraction
continue on to the next
fraction
continued-
x
7
First fraction
x
7
2x
3
4x
5
....................................
[7 3 5]
(3 5 x) ........................
Numerator
Denominator
5)
[7 3 5]
Divide its denominator (7) into

the common denominator (7 3
7 3 5
7
3 5
The result is 3 5
i.e. 3 5 is multiplied by x
Bring down the sign between this
and the next fraction ( + in this
case) and continue
Second fraction
x
7
2x
3
4x
5
2x
3
(3 5 x) ................
7 3 5
(3 5 x) (7 5 2 x) ........
7 3 5
Numerator
Denominator

common denominator
7 3 5
75
3

i.e. 7 5 is multiplied by 2x
Bring down the sign between this
and the next fraction ( - in this case)

and continue
Third fraction
x
2x
4x
7
3
5
(3 5 x) (7 5 2 x) ........
Numerator
4x
5
Denominator
common denominator
7 3 5
73
5
7 3 5

i.e. 7 3 is multiplied by 4x
(3 5 x) (7 5 2 x) (7 3 4 x)
7 3 5
Simplify
x 2 x 4 x (3 5 x) (7 5 2 x) (7 3 4 x)
7 3
5
7 3 5
15 x 70 x 84 x
7 3 5
x
105
Add/Subtract Fractions
Example: Write the following expression as a single fraction
1
2
4
7 x 3x 5x
Take a common denominator
In this case the common denominator is
735x
NOTE: this is NOT the product of all denominators
For each fraction
1
2
4
7 x 3x 5x
1.
2.
3.
4.
divide its denominator into the

common denominator
numerator
insert sign between this and the
next fraction
continue on to the next fraction
1
7x
First fraction
Numerator
Denominator
1
2
7x
3x
........................
divide its denominator(7x) into

the
common denominator:7 3 5
7 3 5 x
xx
3 5
4
5x
7x
[7 3 5 x ]
common denominator
the result is 3 5

bring down the + sign

and continue.
(3 5) ........................
[7 3 5 x ]
Second fraction
1
2
4
7x
3x
5x
(3 5) .......................
7 3 5 x
Common denominator
(3 5) (7 5 2)
7 3 5 x
2
3x
Numerator
Denominator

the
common denominator
7 3 5 x
75
3x

... Bring down the sign( - in this case)
and continue to the next fraction
Third fraction
1
2
7x
3x
(3 5) (7 5 2)
4
5x
4
5x
7 3 5 x
Common denominator
(3 5) (7 5 2) (7 3 4)
Numerator
Denominator
divide its denominator into

7 3 5 x
73
5x
then multiply the result by

7 3 5 x
Simplify
1
2
4
(3 5) (7 5 2) (7 3 4)

7 x 3x 5 x
7 3 5 x
15 70 84
7 3 5 x
1
105 x
Example: Simplify the following expression into a
single fraction
1 2x 4
7x 3 5
Take the common denominator.
In this case the common denominator is
735x
For each separate
fraction in question,
1.
2.
1 2x 4
7x 3 5
3.
4.
divide its denominator

into the common
denominator
then multiply the result
by its numerator
insert sign between this
and the next fraction
Continue on to the next
fraction
First fraction
1
7x
Numerator
Denominator
1
2x
4
7x
3
5
............................................
7 3 5 x
3 5
7x
[7 3 5 x ]
(3 5) ...................................
[7 3 5 x ]
divide its denominator (7)

into
(7 3 5 x)
the result is 3 5
then multiply the result by its numerator
(top line).
insert sign between this and the next
fraction ( + in this case)
Second fraction
1
2x
4
7x
3
5
(3 5) ....................................
7 3 5 x
2x
3
Numerator
Denominator
divide its denominator
into the common denominato

7 3 5 x
7 5 x
3
then multiply the result by
(3 5) (7 5 x 2 x ) ...................
[7 3 5 x ]

i.e. 7 5 x is multiplied by
2x
Write in the result and bring
down the sign and continue
Third fraction
4
5
Numerator
Denominator
divide its denominator into the
1
2x
4
common denominator
7 3 5 x
7x
3
5
7 3 x
(3 5) (7 5 x 2 x ) (7 3 x 4)
5
7 3 5 x
Common denominator

i.e. 7 3 x is multiplied by 4
Simplify
1 2 x 4 (3 5) (7 5 x 2 x) (7 3 x 4)

7x 3 5
7 3 5 x
15 70 x 2 84 x
7 3 5 x
15 70 x 2 84 x
105 x

CH 1 Fractions. Add, Subtract

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Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business, 4 th Edition

CHAPTER 1: FRACTIONS. ADD, SUBTRACT.

Examples on the following slides:

Where a and b may be numbers or symbols

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Addition or subtraction of fractions

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Add/Subtract Fractions: See text page 5

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Worked example 1.3

Then for each fraction in turn.

Divide its denominator into

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Divide its denominator (7) into

then multiply the result by its

numerator (top line)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

numerator (top line)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Add/Subtract Fractions involving x

John Wiley and Sons 2013

To add or subtract fractions: example

For each ndividual

Divide its denominator into

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Divide its denominator (7) into

Divide its denominator into the

then multiply the result by its

numerator (top line)

and the next fraction ( - in this case)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Then multiply the result by its

numerator (top line)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

John Wiley and Sons 2013

John Wiley and Sons 2013

divide its denominator into the

John Wiley and Sons 2013

divide its denominator(7x) into

then multiply the result by its

bring down the + sign

John Wiley and Sons 2013

Divide its denominator into

Then multiply the result by its

numerator (top line)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

divide its denominator into

the common denominator

then multiply the result by

its numerator (top line)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

John Wiley and Sons 2013

John Wiley and Sons 2013

divide its denominator

John Wiley and Sons 2013

divide its denominator (7)

John Wiley and Sons 2013

divide its denominator

into the common denominato

its numerator (top line)

divide its denominator into the

then multiply the result by its