Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Tm J m TD Te ( )
Tm mechanical input torque (N-m)
J moment of inertia of turbine & rotor
m angular acceleration of turbine & rotor
TD damping torque
Te ( ) equivalent electrical torque
SMIB, contd
Ea
Pe ( )
sin
'
Xd XL
& D& PM
M &
Ea
sin
'
Xd XL
'
Xd
XL
PM X th
sin
three systems
Prefault - before the fault occurs the system is
assumed to be at an equilibrium point
Faulted - the fault changes the system equations,
moving the system away from its equilibrium point
Postfault - after fault is cleared the system hopefully
returns to a new operating point
SMIB Example
PM X th
sin
11
1
M
EaVth
PM X sin
th
12
stability problem
Numerical integration
2.
Examples
Example 1: Exponential Decay
A simple example with an analytic solution is
x& x
with x(0) x 0
This has a solution x(t) x 0e t
Example 2: Mass-Spring System
k x gM Mx&
& Dx&
or
x&1 x2
1
x&2
k x1 g M D x2
M
14
A60Hzgeneratorissupplying550MWtoaninfinitebus(with1.0
perunitvoltage)throughtwoparalleltransmissionlines.Determine
initialanglechangeforafaultmidwaydownoneofthelines.
H=20seconds,D=0.1.Uset=0.01second.
Ea
15
0.33330
16
sin
0.1
and Pm 5.5 (0) 28.8 (0) 0.50265 radians
Peprefault ( )
1.141 0.3333
and during the fault
sin
0.08333
Let x1 and x 2 &. The equations to integrate are
Pefaulted ( )
x&
1 x2
1
1.141 0.3333
x&2
sin x1 0.1 x2
5.5
20 / 60
0.08333
x1 (0) 0.50265
x2 (0) 0.0
17
x(0.01)
0.01
0
31.11
0.3111
0.50265
0.3111
0.50576
x(0.02)
0.01
0.3111
30.82
0.
6193
18
G e n e r a t o r a n gl e i n de g r e s
240
180
120
60
0
0
0.5
1.5
2
19
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5
Time
Gen Bus 4 #1 Rotor Angle (Deg)
21
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5
Time
Gen Bus 4 #1 Rotor Angle (Deg)
22
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5
Time
Gen Bus 4 #1 Rotor Angle (Deg)
23
Values
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
0
24
Values
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
0
25
26
27
Source: www.utterpower.com/commercial_grid.htm
28
where 2 f 2 T ,
T
2
a n f (t )cos nt dt , n 0,1,2,K
T0
T
2
bn f (t )sin nt dt , n 1,2,K
T0
29
Source: Fig 2.34 of Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems by Masters
30
31