PERFORMANCE TESTING

OF STEAM GENERATOR

Tujuan Pengetesan
Untuk menentukan :
Efficiency
Capacity
Parameter-parameter
lain seperti
Temperatur steam,
exit gas, losses,
pressure drop, etc.

(ASME PTC 4.1 Steam Generating

Unit)

Memonitor parameter2 operasi seperti:

input&output flow, inlet&outlet water and steam
temperatures, and power consumption
auxiliaries
Tes peralatan secara individual maupun sistem
pada awal Operasi
Untuk mengecek emisi boiler terhadap regulasi
emisi pemerintah
Untuk mengecek performa selama periode
tertentu

Metode Tes
HEAT LOSS METHOD

INPUT-OUTPUT METHOD

Heat
Efficiency
100
Input

Heat Loss

Efficiency 100
100
Input

Heat Absorbed by fluids

100
Heat in Fuel

100

HeatLoss

100
Heat in Fuel Heat Credits

HEAT BALANCE
Output Input Losses
Efficiency (%)

Output
Input L
100
100
Input
Input

L
Efficiency (%) 1
100
Hf

credit

Data Input Boiler

Data Fuel (Batu bara)
Proximate Analysis
Ultimate Analysis
Calorivic Value
(HHV & LHV)

Heat Credit :
Heat Entering Air
(Tdb, Twb)
Heat Moisture in Air
(humidity)
Heat Sensible in Fuel
(Temp. Entering Fuel)
Heat Aux. Drive
(Electrical data)

Contoh data batu bara

Proximate Analysis: untuk menentukan kadar volatile matter,

moisture (total& higroscopic), dan ash
Ultimate Analysis : untuk menentukan kadar C,H,S,N,&O

Heat Entering Air

(Bae)

Bae' = Dry Air x Cpa' x

(T)

Bfe = Aux.steam x
(h)/total fuel rate

Heat Moisture in Air

Bmae'
= moisture air x Cpa' x
(T)

Heat Sensible in
Fuel

Heat Aux. Drive

(Bxe)

Bxe = Heat from

Electrical power

Heat Losses

Correct loss due to dry flue gas

Correct loss due to misture in fuel

Correct loss due to burning H

Correct loss due to moisture in air

Correct loss due to carbon monooxide

Heat loss due to radiation

Correct loss due to unburned carbon

Lg = Wgx CpG x (T)

= Wg x CpG x (TgTra)
Where:
Wg : dry Flue gas
CpG : mean spec.
Heat
Tg: Temp. gas
Tra: Temp referensi

Heat Loss due to Moisture in

Fuel (Lmf)
Lmf = H2O x (h-hrw)

kg H 2O
Where:

H2O : moisture kg A.F .Fuel

kcal
h : Enthalpy of vapor kg A.F .Fuel

Hrw : enthalpy sat.liquid at Trakcal

kg A.F .Fuel

LmA = WmA x WA x (h-hrv)

Where:
kg H 2O
WmA : moisture in dry air

WA

: dry air

kg dry Air
kg dry Air
kg A.F .Fuel

kcal
vapor
kg A.F .Fuel

: Enthalpy of

Hrv

: enthalpy sat.vapor

kcal
at Tra
kg A.F .Fuel

Heat Loss due to Moisture from Burning H (LH)

LH = 8.936xH x (h-hrw)
Where:
H : Hidrogen
kg H 2O
kg A.F .Fuel
h : Enthalpy of vapor

Hrw : enthalpy sat.liquid

at Tra

kcal
kg A.F .Fuel

kcal
kg A.F .Fuel

Heat Loss due to Unberned

Carbon (LUC)
LUC

A'
Wucb
Wucf

(1 0.3) 1

(0.2

8.5)

100
100

Where:
A: Ash in Coal
Wucb : Unburned Carbon in
dry ash of SSC Hopper
Wucb : Unburned Carbon in
dry ash of ESP Hopper

Heat Loss due to Radiation (

Lco'

COe
5644 Cb
(CO2e COe)

Where:
Coe & CO2 : per cent CO &
CO2 in Flue gas
Cb: Carbon Burned

Efficiency Boiler
Eff.HHV

L G L mf L mA L UH L UC L r L CO L ua

100
100
HHV Creadit

Eff.LHV

HHV Credit
Eff.HHV
LHV credit

Terima Kasih