Cargo Securing

The carrier shall properly

and carefully load, handle,
stow, carry, keep, care for
and discharge the goods
carried.
Hague Rules,
Articles iii, Rule 2

http://www.ukpandi.com/fileadmin/uploads/uk-pi/

Motions Cargo is subjected to

Pitching
Rolling
Yawing
Swaying
Heaving
Surging
Ships GM will have an impact (stiff/tender)
www.containerhandbook.de
.

Cargo Securing Manual

CH 1 Definitions
CH 2 Securing Devices and Arrangements
Fixed & Portable devices
Inspection & maintenance schemes
CH 3 Stowage & securing of non-standardized and
semi standardizes cargo
Evaluation of forces acting on cargo units
Application of cargo securing devices
RoRo ships

Cargo Securing Manual

CH 4 Stowage and securing of containers and
other standardized cargo
Handling and safety instructions
Stowage and securing instructions
Other allowable stowage patterns
Forces acting on cargo units

Internal stowage of containers

Bracing cargo away from the door

Dunnage bracing

Dunnage air bags

Spreader

Gantry
Tier

Cell Guide

Pontoon Hatch

Cell
Bay

http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=43775

Lashing Bridge

Cell Guides

g
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La

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Container Lashing Manual

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

Old lashing system- Held down by rods/wires

Securing (twistlock)

Corner Casting

Tensile strength SWL 20.4t, Proof load 30.6 t Break Load 40.4 t

TShear strength SWL 15.3t, Proof load 22.9 t Break Load 30.6 t

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

http://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html?/chb_e/stra/stra_01_03_02.html

http://www.marinesurveyorbrisbane.com/ppw-4.htm

Prudent loading checks

Correct stowage by stevedores
Dunnage as required
Appropriate lashing

Lashing strengths (Deck)

Vertical Strength

Horizontal Athwartships
Strength

Horizontal Fore & Aft

Strength

3 X Wt of cargo
3 x Wt x 0.7
3 x Wt x 0.3

Cargo Securing methods

Tomming
Lashing
Anti-skid mats
Structural alterations
Filling
Air bags

Bliault, C. & Nth of England

P&I Association (2003)

Ratchet and web lashing

Lashing Chains

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Never saddle a dead horse

Spaced 6 rope diameters apart

Min 3 grips 16mm-19mm wire

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

References
MO Part 42
CSS Code (Code of Safe Practice for
Cargo Stowage & Securing) IMO
Lashing and Securing of Deck Cargoes
(John Knott)
Ships Cargo Securing Manual

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Figure 41: Cargo loaded into an ocean-going ship. Some of the boxes are
stacked three deep. Such good stowage cannot, however, always be
expected. The boxes are wedged together for the voyage. Some of the
boxes have clearly been exposed to rain before loading. One very good
alternative to film under the box lid is tarred board on top of the box lid.
http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/maschinen/maschinen/maschinen.htm#ls

Figure 32: This engine manufacturer has complied with all

recommendations.
Each engine has such a plan.
This plan makes it clear to all involved how the engines are to be lifted and
lashed correctly (see Figure 42). This approach should ideally be used for
all heavy-lift shipments.
http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/maschinen/maschinen/maschinen.htm#ls

Figure 42: Using the details shown in Figure 32, the cargo can now be properly secured.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/maschinen/maschinen/maschinen.htm#ls

Figure 33: This is how it should look when lashing points are indicated by the
manufacturer.

http://www.marinesurveyorbrisbane.com/ppw-7.htm

Heavy lift project cargo stowage and securing to IMO criteria

Figure 43: A problem arises on a general cargo ship. An engine weighing 200 metric
tons is to be loaded into the lower hold. That's no problem from the point of view of
space and load per unit area. Unfortunately, the engine cannot be secured because it
is impossible to weld lashing eyes onto the floor due to the oil tank located beneath.
Such problems need not arise if these issues are discussed in good time.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/stahl/coils/coils.htm#ls

Preferred method, Chocked and 1 level

Dunnage provided to stop

the load from moving,
reduce point loading and
protect ship and cargo from
damage.

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/stahl/coils/coils.htm#ls

http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/kfz/lkw/lkw.htm#ls

Figure 12: Deck loading of automobiles and trucks - damage is inevitable. The
trucks are stowed too closely together and no wheel chocks have been used.
Another feature which merits criticism is the direct securing to adjacent vehicles.

Figure 9: Method for securing trucks on board a ro-ro ship based on [59].

Knot, R. (2002) Lashing and Securing Deck cargoes. UK: Nautical Institute

Figure 10: Method for securing a truck on board a conventional ship, an opentop container, on a flatrack or platform based on [59].

Figure 11: Method for securing a truck on board a conventional ship, an open-top
container, on a flatrack or platform based on [59].

Figure 16: Method for securing automobiles on board a ro-ro ship based on [59].

Speed Lashings