Signaling System 7

CNS 479R Voice Over IP
Signaling System 7
Gary D. Brown, Guest Lecturer
Lecture 2
2007-2008
UVSC CS 479R Telecommunications and Voice
Signaling System 7 (SS7)

Introduction
SS7 Network Architecture
SS7 Protocols
SS7 Call Signaling
VoIP Issues
2007-2008
SS7 Protocols
Architecture
Definitions
Functional Divisions
TDM-based Transport Protocols
IP-based Transport Protocols
Application-layer Protocols
Call Control
Messages
Message Flows
2007-2008
SS7 ProtocolsArchitecture
OSI Model
Signaling Point Functions
SS7 Model
Layer 7
Layer 6
TCAP
Layer 5
Layer 4
ISUP
Level 4
SCCP
Layer 3
MTP3
M3UA
Level 3
Layer 2
MTP2
SCTP
Level 2
Layer 1
MTP1
Ethernet
Level 1
2007-2008
SS7 ProtocolsDefinitions
MTP1
Message Transfer Part Layer 1
MTP2
MTP3
SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (IP)
M3UA
MTP3 User Adaptation Layer (IP)
SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part
TCAP
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
ISUP
ISDN User Part
TUP
Telephone User Part (not shownobsolete)
2007-2008
SS7 ProtocolsFunctional Divisions

TDM-based Transport (traditional)
MTP1
MTP2
MTP3
IP-based Transport
Ethernet (IP network)
SCTP
M3UA
Application Protocols
SCCP/TCAP
ISUP
2007-2008
SS7 ProtocolsTDM-based Transport

MTP1
Physical layer
DS0 in T1 or E1 (A-link, F-link)
V.35 modem
Satellite link
64 Kbps bandwidth
56 Kbps in robbed-bit T1 infrastructure
ITU-T Q.702
2007-2008

MTP2
Data Link Control layer

Error Detection and Correction (CRC-16)
Packet Sequencing
Link Status Indicators
Signal Units
FISU (Fill-in Signal Unit)permits immediate detection of link
error
LSSU (Link Status Signal Unit)provides link status between
two SS7 nodes
MSU (Message Signal Unit)carries higher level protocol
messages
ITU-T Q.703
2007-2008

MTP3
Network layer
Routes SS7 messages to their destination nodes
Reroutes SS7 messages during network failures
Network Status
Signaling Link availability
Point Code (Node) availability
Congestion Control
Levels 0 (None), 1 (Some) and 2 (Severe)
Initiates local congestion control on SS7 message reception
(surge)
Responds to remote congestion control indication by throttling
transmission
Link Set Changeover and Changeback
ITU-T Q.704
2007-2008

MTP1
MTP2
MTP3
IP-based Transport
SCTP
M3UA
SCCP/TCAP
ISUP
2007-2008
10
SS7 ProtocolsIP-based Transport

SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Reliable Transport
Datagram and/or Stream
Redundancy
Multiple Data Streams
Multi-homing (multiple IP addresses)
Active/Standby
Efficiency
No Head of Queue Blocking
Short timeouts
Heartbeats
IETF RFCs 2960, 3286, 3309

2007-2008
11
SS7 ProtocolsIP-based Transport

M3UA
MTP3 User Adaptation Protocol
Adaptation of SS7 Layer 4 protocols/MTP3 interface to

IP network transport
Appears as MTP3 interface to Layer 4 protocols
Appears as IP-based application to SCTP
Maps between
SS7 Point Codes (OPC/DPC) and IP addresses
SS7 Point Codes with Circuit Identification Codes
(OPC/DPC/CIC) and IP addresses (optional)
IETF RFC 4666
2007-2008
12

MTP1
MTP2
MTP3
IP-based Transport
SCTP
M3UA
SCCP/TCAP
ISUP
2007-2008
13
SS7 ProtocolsApplication Protocols

SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part
Transport interface between TCAP and MTP3

Supports connectionless, non-circuit based
messages
Traffic Management
Maintains Signaling Point Status
Availability of Point Codes (SS7 Nodes)
Maintains Subsystem Status

SCCP user availability (specific applications)
Reroutes messages around failed subsystems (redundancy)
ITU-T Q.711-Q.716
2007-2008
14

TCAP
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
Non-circuit related transactions

Common interface for transaction-type applications
Global Title Translation (800, 900 Numbers)

Line Information Database (LIDB) Query
Wire-line/wireless Local Number Portability Query
Directory Assistance Query
Protocol interface for application-oriented protocols

INAP (Intelligent Network Application Protocol)
IS-41 (North American wireless call control protocol)
MAP (Mobile Application ProtocolITU)
ITU-T Q.771-Q.775
2007-2008
15

ISUP
ISDN User Part
Call Control Signaling (call setup and teardown)

National Variants
ITU 88 (14-bit PC/12-bit CIC)

ANSI 88 (24-bit PC/14-bit CIC)
ETSI (14-bit PC/12-bit CIC)
BT ISUP (14-bit PC/12-bit CIC) (United Kingdom and former colonies)
China (24-bit PC/14-bit CIC)(ANSI MTP3/ITU ISUP)
Telefnica (14-bit PC/12-bit CIC) (Spain, Portugal, South America)
ITU-T Q.761-Q.769
2007-2008
16
SS7 ProtocolsCall Control

ISUP Messages
ISUP Call Control Message Flows
Call Setup
Call Teardown
2007-2008
17
SS7 ProtocolsISUP Messages

Call Control Messages (most commonly used)
ACM
ANM
CCR
CFN
CON
COT
CPG
CRG
IAM
INF
INR
REL
RES
RLC
SAM
SUS
USR
2007-2008
Address Complete Message

Answer Message
Continuity Check Request
Confusion
Connect
Continuity Message
Call Progress Message
Charge Information Message
Initial Address Message
Information Message
Information Request Message
Release Message
Resume Message
Release Complete Message
Subsequent Address Message
Suspend Message
User-to-User Information
18
Circuit Management (most commonly used)
BLA
BLO
CGB
CGBA
CGU
CGUA
CQM
CQR
GRS
GRA
FAA
FAC
FAR
FOT
FRJ
IDR
IRS
RSC
UBL
UBA
UCIC
2007-2008
Blocking Acknowledgement
Blocking
Circuit Group Blocking
Circuit Group Blocking Acknowledgement
Circuit Group Unblocking
Circuit Group Unblocking Acknowledgement
Circuit Group Query
Circuit Group Query Response
Circuit Group Reset
Circuit Group Reset Acknowledgement
Facility Accepted
Facility
Facility Request
Forward Transfer
Facility Reject
Identification Request
Identification Response
Reset Circuit
Unblocking
Unblocking Acknowledgement
Unequipped Circuit Identification Code
19

Message Direction Concept
Forward Direction
Messages passed in the direction from the calling
party to the called party
Sometimes referred to as downstream
Backward Direction
Messages passed in the direction from the called
party to the calling party
Sometimes referred to as upstream
2007-2008
20

Common ISUP Header
All ISUP message have common message
header
Originating Point Code (OPC)
Point code of switch transmitting original message
Destination Point Code (DPC)

Point code of switch intended to receive message
Circuit Identification Code (CIC)

Identifies circuit between transmitting switch and
receiving switch; not necessarily the original and
intended switches!
2007-2008
21

IAM
Initial Address Message
Forward message indicating seizure of an outbound circuit and to

transmit number and other information
SAM
Subsequent Address Message
Forward message indicating additional called party number

information (ITU only)
COT
Continuity Message
Forward message indicating circuit continuity test is successful
ACM
Address Complete Message
Backward message indicating all address signals required for

routing call to called party have been received
2007-2008
22

CPG
Call Progress Message
Backward message indicating significant event has occurred
ANM
Answer Message
Backward message indicating the called party has answered
REL
Release Message
Forward or backward message indicating the circuit is being

released due to some reason
RLC
Release Complete Message
Forward or backward message, sent in response to a Release

message, indicating the circuit has been put into an idle
condition
2007-2008
23

SUS
Suspend Message
Message indicating subscriber has disconnected and the call has

been suspended
RES
Resume Message
Message indicating subscriber has reconnected and the call has

been resumed
RSC
Reset Circuit Message
Message forces circuit into idle state; causes any call or circuit
seizure to be terminated
CFN
Confusion Message
Message indicates confusion about message just received;

usually happens during congestion or because of software bug
2007-2008
24
SS7 ProtocolsCall Control

ISUP Messages
ISUP Call Control Message Flows
Call Setup
Call Teardown
2007-2008
25
SS7 ProtocolsCall Setup Message Flow
2007-2008
26
SS7 ProtocolsIAM Message Flow

Calling CO switch sends Initial Address Message (IAM)
in forward direction to called CO switch via tandem switches, and
each switch seizes an outbound circuit and connects the backward talk path.
CO
Switch
Tandem
Switch
Tandem
Switch
IAM
IAM
IAM
IAM
IAM
CO
Switch
IAM
IAM
STP
2007-2008
STP
27
SS7 ProtocolsACM Message Flow

Called CO switch alerts called party (ring),
sends Address Complete Message (ACM) in backward direction to
calling CO switch via tandem switches, and calling CO switch plays ringing.
CO
Switch
Tandem
Switch
ACM
Tandem
Switch
ACM
CO
Switch
ACM
ACM
ACM
ACM
ACM
STP
2007-2008
STP
28
SS7 ProtocolsANM Message Flow

Called party answers, called CO switch sends Answer Message (ACM)
in backward direction to calling CO switch via tandem switches,
and all switches connect forward talk paths.
CO
Switch
Tandem
Switch
ANM
Tandem
Switch
ANM
CO
Switch
ANM
ANM
ANM
ANM
ANM
STP
2007-2008
STP
29
SS7 ProtocolsCall Teardown Message Flow
2007-2008
30
SS7 ProtocolsREL Message Flow

Caller hangs up, calling CO switch sends Release Message (REL) in forward direction
to called CO switch via tandem switches, and each switch sends Release Complete
Message (RLC) in backward direction, disconnects the talk path and idles the circuit.
CO
Switch
REL
Tandem
Switch
Tandem
Switch
RLC REL
RLC REL
REL
RLC
RLC
REL
STP
2007-2008
REL
CO
Switch
RLC
RLC
REL
RLC
STP
31

Signaling System 7

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Signaling System 7

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

CNS 479R Voice Over IP

UVSC CS 479R Telecommunications and Voice