POVERTY

POVERTY

The inability to fulfill

our basic needs such
as food, shelter and
clothing.
Mans needs include
various facilities and
requirements such as
education, transport,
public facilities, infra
structures, health care
etc.

POVERTY

Poverty leads to the widespread of

diseases, over crowded settlement,
crimes and conflicts.
Ideas on poverty include
psychological and political needs.
Poverty can also means the loss of
power and freedom.

CHAMSURI SIWAR (1988)

Poverty is a situational syndrome

which include food deficiencies, low
level in terms of health, low income,
unemployment, unsafe housing
environment, low level of education,
inadequate modern facilities, insecure
jobs, negative attitudes towards life
and
old fashioned way of thinking.

WORLD DEVELOPMENT
REPORT 2000/2001
About 1.2 billion out of 6 billion
people live with $1 a day, and 2.8
billion, or half of worlds population
live with less than $2 a day. In 1998,
at least 40% of the population in
Southern Asia and more than 46% in
sub-Sahara live with less than $1 a
day.

Half of the wprld-nearly three billion people lives on

less than two dollars a daya/
The wealthiest nation on Earth has the widest gap
between rich and poor of any industrialized nation.
20% of the population in the developed nations,
cosume 86% of the worlds goods.
1 billion children live in poverty (1 in 2 children in the
world), 640 million live without adequate shelter, 400
million have no access to safe water, 270 million have
no access to health services, 10.6 million died in 2003
before they reached the age of 5.
Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable
to read a book or sign their names.

Poverty denies or hinders people

from opportunities and choices
that would enable them to have
longer life span, stay healthy and
creative in order to enjoy a good
standard of living, freedom, with
dignity and respect.

POVERTY INDEX BY UNDP :

Die at a young age. It is measured by percentage

of population that is expected to die before
reaching 40 years old.
High illiteracy rate among adults.
Standard of living. It is based on the percentage
of the people that are able to acquire health
services and safe water and percentage of
children lacking nutritious food at the age of less
than 5 years old.

POVERTY IN THE THIRD WORLD

COUNTRIES

90% of the poor in Third World countries

live in South Asia, Africa, Indo China,
Central America, Brazil and remote areas
in China.
More than 1.5 billion world population are
not equipped with safe water supply and
sanitation while 120 million are jobless.
Woman represents 70% of the total world
poor population.

The Third World countries are always related

to :-

Poverty
ii. High birth rate
iii. Dependency towards developed countries.
iv. Rural image.
v. Economy based on agricultural activities.
vi. Still influenced by colonialism in terms of
economy, administration and culture.
i.

THE CAUSES OF POVERTY IN THIRD WORLD

COUNTRIES

Lack of natural resources.

Over populated
War.
Political instability.
Insufficient of trade, communication, transport and
energy sources.
Colonialism
Multi national companies.
Inefficient agricultural practices.
Famine
Drought

CAUSES OF HUNGER

Approximately 1.2 billion

people suffer from
hunger (deficiency of
calories and proten);
Some 2 to 3.5 billion
people have
micronutrient deficiency
(deficiency of vitamins
and minerals);
Yet, some 1.2 billion
suffer from obesity
(excess of fats and salts,
often accompanied by
deficiency of vitamins
and minerals.

KELAPARAN GLOBAL BERPUNCA DARIPADA:

Penjajahan, yang kemudiannya menjadi monopoli

kapitalisme, yang merampas harta berjuta-juta penduduk
dari tanah milik mereka; yang akhirnya menjadi milik
pengurus-pengurus ladang baru dari negara penjajah.
Negara-negara mundur terpaksa menjual barangan kepada
negara-negara maju kerana tiada pasaran tempatan.
Rakyat tempatan tidak mampu membeli barangan
berkenaan kerana miskin.
Manusia kelaparan bukan kerana tiada bekalan makanan
atau kepadatan penduduk, tetapi kerana mereka terlalu
miskin dan tidak berupaya membeli makanan.

Contoh negara-negara miskin dan

permasalahannya.

ETHIOPIA
Menderita kebuluran akibat kemarau yang
berpanjangan sepanjang tahun. Menurut
World Food Programme, kini sekurangkurangnya 14 juta sedang menghadapi
risiko, kerana kemarau mengurangkan
pengeluaran makanan di negara
berkenaan.Disamping itu juga, tahap
bekalan air dan kualiti air adalah antara
paling rendah di dunia.

RWANDA
Pada tahun 1990an, Rwanda mengalami
perang saudara yang mengakibatkan
pembunuhan beramai-ramai pada tahun
1994. Lebih 60% daripada 8 juta rakyatnya
kini hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan.
HIV/AIDS, malaria,batuk kering dan
kurangnya perkhidmatan kesihatan
merupakan antara punca kematian yang
utama.

BANGLADESH
Tiap-tiap tahun, kira-kira satu pertiga
daripada negara ini dilanda banjir
sema musim monsun dan menjejaskan
pembangunan ekonomi.Negara ini
juga mengalami kemarau dan angin
puting beliung yang mengakibatkan
rakyatnya kehilangan tanah.

PERSOALAN
GLOBALISASI = KEMISKINAN ??

INEQUALITIES IN CONSUMPTION

Globally, the 20% of the worlds

people in the highest-income
countries account for 86% of total
private consumption expendituresthe poorest 20% a minuscule 1.3%.

More specifically, the richest

fifth:

Consume 45% of all meat and fish, the poorest

fifth 5%.
Consume 58% of total energy, the poorest fifth
less than 4%.
Have 74% of all telephone lines, th poorest fifth
1.5%.
Consume 84% of all paper, the poorest fifth
1.1%.
Own 87% of the worlds vehicle fleet, the poorest
fifth less than 1%.
- Human Development Report 1998 Overview,
UNDP

GLOBAL PRORITIES IN SPENDING (1998)

Basic education for everyone in the world
Cosmetics in the US
Water and sanitation
Ice cream in Europe
Reproductive health for women
Perfumes in Europe and the US
Basic health/nutrition
Pet foods in Europe and the US
Business entertainment in Japan
Cigarettes in Europe
Alcoholic drinks in Europe
Narcotics drugs in the world
Military spending in the world

$ US Billions
6
8
9
11
12
12
13
17
35
50
105
400
780