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THE NEW CLASSIFICATION OF

HUMINITE, VITRINITE AND INERTINITE


MACERALS
(ICCP System 1994)

PREPARED BY

: Dr. EDY NURSANTO

OUTLINES
.
.
.
.

Introduction
Classification of Huminite maceral
Classification of Vitrinite maceral
Classification of Inertinite maceral

Introduction
. The new classification of macerals have been presented,
likewise based on extensive discussion and consultation
by an international group of experts.
. The huminite group is subdivided into three subgroups and six
macerals, the latter are subdivided in maceral types,
submacerals and maceral varieties
. The new system of subdivision of the vitrinite maceral group
differs based on following criteria:
- maceral group: defined by level of reflectance
- maceral subgroup:defined by degree of destruction
- maceral: defined by morphology and/or degree of
gelification
. The inertinite classification can be applied to the organic matter
of all coalification stages and the subdivision of the maceral
group is simpler since there are no sub groups

SUBDIVISION OF THE MACERAL GROUP HUMINITE


(ICCP SYSTEM 1994)

International Comitee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP)

Subdivision of
huminite
macerals

Group
Huminite

Sub group
Telohuminite

Detrohuminite

Gelohuminite

Term

humus (L)-soil

humus (L)-soil,
tela (L)-tissue.

humus (L)-soil, detritus (L)a product of disintegration.

gelu, us (L)-frost,
stiffening humus (L)-soil.

Physical &
Chemical
properties

The colour is dark to grey,


reflectance vary between
0,1 and 0,26% Rr.
Karbon : 60-77%
Hydrogen: 4-6%
Oxygen : 18-28%

See Huminite, Textinite


and Ulminite

Physical properties may see


Attrinit and Densinite. The
chemical composition of
detrohuminit is more
independent on its degree
of gelification.

See Corpohuminit and


Gelinit

Derivation
&
Occurences

Derived from
parenchymatous and
woody tissue, celluler
contents roots, stems,
barks and leaves composed
cellulosa , tannin and
lignin. Huminite occurs in
coal seam formed as a
result of anaerobic
preservation of
lignocelluloses material in
mire.

Derived from
parenchymatous and
woody tissue, celluler
contents roots, stems,
barks and leaves
composed cellulosa ,
tannin and lignin.
Occurence may see
Textinte and Ulminite

Derived from herbaceous


and aborescent plants
through the strong decay of
parenchymatous and
woody tissues of stems and
leaves. Detrohuminite is the
main constituent of
Tertiary lignits, its content
is >50%

Derived from intensely


gelified plant tissues and
humic detritus and may
also derive from
precipitated humic
colloids.

Practical
importance

Affects such as briquetting,


carbonisation, liquifaction
and combustion.

See Textinit and


Ulminite

Dependent on the
gelification degree,
detrohuminite-rich coal is
suitable for a range of
industrial processes, e.g
briquetting, coke
production

See Corpohuminite and


gelinite

SUBDIVISION OF THE MACERAL GROUP VITRINITE


(ICCP SYSTEM 1994)

Sub division
of vitrinite
macerals

Term

Group
Vitrinite

Sub group
Telovitrinite

Detrovitrinite

Gelovitrinite

Vitrum (L)-Glass

Tela (L)-tissue, vitrum (L)glass

Vitrum (L)-glass,
detritus (L)-abrasion

Gelu, us (L)-frost,
vitrum (L)-glass

Physical
and
chemical
properties

The colour is grey to white.


Polishing hardness is soft.
Elemental composition is
rank dependent.
Carbon : 77-96%
Hydrogen: 6-1%
Oxygen: 16-1%

See vitrinite, telinite,


collotelinite

The colour see vitrinite.


Reflectance 0,5 5 to
about 1,4%. Polishing
hardness of
detrovitrinite is
Relatively soft. Chemical
properties may see
vitrinite.

See vitrinite,
corpogelinite and
gelinite

Derivation
and
occurences

Derived from
parenchymatous and woody
tissues of roots, stems, barks
and leaves composed of
cellulosa and lignin. Occurs
in coal seams formed as a
result of anaerobic
preservation of lignocellulosic material in
swamps.

Derived from
parenchymatous and woody
tissues of roots, stems, barks
and leaves composed of
cellulosa and lignin and
originating from herbaceous
and aborescent.
Occurence may see telinite
and collotelinite

Derived by comminution
from parenchymatous
and woody tissue of
roots, stems and leaves
composed of cellulose
and lignin. Constituent
Of microlithotypes
vitrinertite, trimacerite
and durite.

Derived from the


contens of plant cells or
from humic fluids
formed from palnt
tissues during
decay and diagenesis.
Occurence may see
corpogellinte and
gelinite

Practical
importance

Readily fused during


carbonisation and also the
products of hydrogenation
and combustion.

In combustion, telovitrinite
tends to form cenospheres

Major source for the


generation of natural gas.

See corpogelinite and


gelinite

MACERALS OF THE INERTINITE GROUP


(ICCP SYSTEM 1994)

Maceral Group Inertinite


a. Macerals with plant cell structures
Sub
division of
inertinite
macerals

Macerals with plant cell structures


Fusinit

Semifusinite

Funginite

Term

Fusus (L)-spindle, fibre

Semi-(L)-half-, fusu(L)-spindle, fibre

Fungus (L)-mushroom, toadstool

Physical
and
chemical
properties

The colour is greyish white to


yellowish white.
The element composition independent
of its rank:
%C (daf) 71,0-94,0
%H(daf) 4,0-2,0
%O(daf) 20,3-2,2

Colour is grey to white. Reflectance


range between that of
humotelinite/vitrinite and fussinite of
same coal. The elemental composition of
semifusinite is between that of
humotelinite/vitrinit. Polishing hardness
is weak to strong.

The colour is pale grey to white,


rarely yellowish white. Polishing
hardness is low to moderately
high in low rank coals and
moderate to high in medium and
high rank coals.

Derivation
and
occurences

Derived from ligno-cellusoic cell walls.


In coal, fusinite occurs in discrete
lenses, thin partings or bands.

Derived from the parenchymatous and


xylem tissues of stem, herbaceous plants
and leaves, which are composed of
cellulose and lignin. Semifusinite is often
associated with vitrinite and fusinite
and occurs within the microlithotypes
trimacerite, durite and fusite.

Derived from fungal, spores,


sclerotia, mycelia and other
fungal tissue. In many low rank
coals, funginite occurs together
with humodetrinite and is
commonly concentrated in the
light bands of soft brown coals
whereas in the dark layers
funginite, together with other
chemically resistant macerals
(inertodetrinite, secretinite,
resinite)

Practical
importance

During briquetting fusinite remains


unelastic and brittle. Owing to the
relatively high carbon content and its

During coking, semifusinite looses


volatile and may shrink to some extent.

Because of the generally very low


quantities of funginite in coal, no
influence on preparation

Maceral Group Inertinite


b. Macerals lacking plant cell structures
Sub division
of inertinite
macerals

Macerals lacking plant cell structures


Secretinit

Macrinite

Micrinite

Term

Scretio (L)-secretion (from its occurence in


secretory duct of seed ferns)

Makros(GR)-long

Physical
and
chemical
properties

The colour is pale grey to yellowish


white.Low reflecting secretinite, has no
relief. High reflecting secretinite may be
harder than the associated fusinit and
will be difficult to grind and polish.

The colour is light grey to white


and sometimes yellowish white.
The relief is variable. Little is
known about the chemical
composition of pure macrinite.

The colour is pale grey to white.


Micrinite shows little or no relief.
Due to the small size of micrinite
grains and the difficulty of isolating
pure micrinite, chemical data are not
available.

Derivation
and
occurences

The origin of secretinite is commonly


considered to be an oxidation product of
resin but it may originate from humic
gels that formed in secretory duct of
modullosan seed fern and to a lesser
extent in cells or duct of other vascular
plants.

Derived from flocculated humic


matrix subtances. Macrinit may
also be a metabolic product of
fungi and bacteria, and isolated
aggregrates may originate from
coprolites. Macrinite is common
in durite, particulary in some
crasidurites from northern
Hemisphere.

Some micrinite is generated in


general during coalification. It
prepresents either the coalification
product of former sclerenchyme or,
more commonly, the residues of
former lipoid (liptinitic or hydrogenrich vitrinitic) substances. Micrinit
occurs in most microlithotypes as
isolated fine grains in varying
alginte.

Practical
importance

Secretinite does not fuse during coking


but may contribute to coke strength when
dispersed in fused matrix. The amount of
secretinite has been used as a basis fo
stratigrafic correlation for medium rank
coals from Atlantic Canada.

The reactivity of macrinite is


related to its reflectance and
fluorescence properties. The
lower the reflectivity and the
stronger the fluorescence, the
stronger is the reactivity.

Microscopically it is not recognizable


in produts and residues of coal
conversion.

Mikros (GR)-small

Maceral Group Inertinite


c. Fragmented inertinite
Sub division of
inertinite
macerals

Fragmented inertinite
Inertodetrinite

Term

Inertia (L)-inactivity, detritus (L)-that which has been abraded

Physical and
chemical
properties

Inertodetrinite is non-fluorescent, except particles with relatively low reflectance in


low-and medium-rank coals. The polishing hardness is higher than that of
corresponding vitrinite macerals but it varies according to the origin of the particles.

Derivation and
occurences

Inertodetrinite has a variety of phytogenetic precursors all of which have been subject
to some degree of fusinitization: plant cel walls or their contents, phlobaphenes from
decomposed tissues, oxidized spores and constituent with fungal affinities. It is a
constituent of the microlithotypes trimacerite, vitrinertite and durite, where it occurs in
varying quantities, being especially abundant in some tenuidurites. Allochthonous
inertodetrinite may occur together with caly minerals, pyrite or alginite within
sediments.

Practical
importance

In coke produced from charges with a high content of high volatile bituminous coals,
inertodetrinite that is well integrated with the fused coke matrix increases the
mechanical strength of the coke. In general, its technical properties depend on the kind
of inertinite macerals from which it is derived.

Thank you

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TEXTINITE


Textinite consist of humic substance as well as of the
remains of cellulose and lignin. Significant
differences exist between the chemical composition
of textinite A and textinite B. Whereas textinit B in
general is composed only of humins and remains of
lignin, textinite A may contain remarkable portion of
cellulose, resins, waxes and tannin.

Group

Maceral

Vitrinite

telinite
telo-

Characteristics
cell walls
tissue

Collinite
detrocorpocollinite
vitrodetrinite

amorphous (gel or gelified


detritus)
cell fillings
detritus

Liptinite

sporinite
cutinite
suberinite
fluorinite
resinite
alginite
bituminite
chlorophyllinite
liptodetrinite
exsudatinite

spores, pollen
cuticles
suberinized cell walls (cork)
plant oils
resins, waxes, latex
algae
amorphous (bacterial, algal, faunal)
chlorophyll
detritus
secondary exudates

Inertinite

fusinite
semifusinite
sclerotinite
macrinite
inertodetrinite
micrinit

cell walls (charred, oxydized)


cell walls (partly charred, oxydized)
fungal cell walls
amorphous gel (oxydized, metabolic)
detritus
secondary relic of oil generation (mainlay)

Chemical properties of collotelinite


The elemental composition and the aromaticity
are rank dependent. Increasing aromaticity
causes increasing reflectance. No information
is available on the chemical composition of
pure collotelinite (Tabel 2)

Textinit A terbentuk dari kayu gymnosperm


(Takodiaceae, Cupressaceae) khususnya dari akar-akar
Marcoduria inopinata, sedangkan Textinit B berasal
dari kayu angiosperm dan tumbuhan herbaceous.
Dua varitas yaitu Textinite A yang mempunyai reflektan
lebih rendah daripada Textinite B.
Textinit B berasal hanya dari humin dan sisa lignin,
sedangkan Textinit A mengandung porsi yang banyak
selulosa, resin, wax dan tanin.

- Warna ulminit A abu-abu gelap dan ulminit B abu-abu, reflektan


ulminit B tergantung dari rank dan nilainya bervariasai antara
~0,2 dan ~0,4 Rr.
- Ulminit A mempunyai intensitas lebih tinggi daripada ulminit B
- Ulminit A berasal dari gymnosperm dan ulminit B berasal dari
macam-macam angiosperm.

SEMIFUSINITE

FUSINITE

FUNGINITE

SECRETINITE

MACRINITE

MICRINITE

INERTODETRINITE

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