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Definition
Implicature
CONT.
Cooperative Principle
2 types of implicatures
conversational
conventional
implicature
implicatures
Conversational
implicature
Definition
Conversational implicature: Implications
derived on the basis of conversational
principles and assumptions, relying on
more than the linguistic meaning of
words in a sentence.
A (conversationally) implicates B if it is
the case that uttering A in a certain
conversational context systematically
suggests, everything else being equal,
that B is true. However, the implicature
can be called off (i.e., cancelled).
Conversational
implicature
Example 1:
Conversational
implicature
Types of conversional
implicature
Conversational implicature includes:
generalized
conversational implicatures
particularized
conversational implicatures
Type of
conversational
implicature
* Generalized conversational implicature:
Generalized
conversational
implicatures
Example 4
Example 5
Types of
conversational
implicature
Scalar implicatures:
Example:
I ate some of the cake => this
sentence implies I did not eat all of
the cake
In the utterancesome of the boys went
to the party,the wordsomeimplicates
"not all of the boys went to the party."
The wordsnone,some,andallform
animplicational scale,in which the use
of one form implicates that the use of a
stronger form is not possible.
Types of
conversational
implicature
* Particularized conversational
implicatures:
Particularized
conversational
Example 1
implicatures
Particularized
conversational
implicatures
Example
2:
A: What on earth has happened to the
roast beef?
B: The dog is looking very happy.
In the above exchange, A will likely
derive the implicature "the dog ate the
roast beef" from Bs statement. This is due
to As belief that B is observing the
conversational maximof relation or
relevance in the specific context of As
Conventional implicatures
Conventional implicature is an
implicaturethat is:
Conventional implicatures
Example: