Riset Kualitatif

Action Research

DEFINITION
A method of research that
involves taking action to
improve practice and
systematically studying the
effects of the action taken

GOAL & Objectives

To derive relevant solutions applicable
to specific practice setting
OBJECTIVES
To generate solutions to practice
problems that are relevant to practice
setting
Would not seek generalizable solutions
to the problem that apply to a number
of similar practice settings
To generate of practical knowledge

FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC
A search for solution to
practical practice problem
Collaboration between
researcher and practitioner
The implementation of change
in practice
The development of theory:
local or grounded

WHY DO SELECT
Want to change nursing practice
Provide the mechanism for
changing practice and
simultaneously evaluating the
success
Facilitate the implementation of
practical solution

PRINCIPLES OF ACTION RESEARCH

A basic routine
The cultural style
The well being of the people
The role of the researcher
Working principles

PRINCIPLES : A basic routine

Look: gather relevant information

(gather data); build a picture
(describe the situation: define and
describe)
Think: explore and analyze: what
is happening (analyze); interpret
and explain (theorize)
Act: plan (report); implement,
evaluate

PRINCIPLES: The cultural style

Seeking to change the social and
personal dynamic
Non-competitive and non-exploitative
Enhancing the live of all participants
Seeking to build positive working
relationship and productive
interactional and communicative
style

PRINCIPLES: The well being of the people

The impact of activities on the

peoples social and emotional live
Not only to get the job done but
also to ensure the well-being

The indicators for ARs

evaluation

Pride: feeling of self-worth

Dignity: feeling of autonomy, independence,
and competence
Identity: affirmation of social identity:
(women, worker, etc)
Control: control over resources, decisions,
actions, events and activities
Responsibility: accountable for their own
action
Unity: the solidarity of the group
Location: place which have historical,
cultural, social ties

PRINCIPLES: The role of the

researcher
Not an expert but a resources person
Facilitator and consultant: act as
catalyst
To stimulate the people
To enable people to develop their own
analysis
To assist in implementation
Focus not only on solution but on
human development

PRINCIPLES: Working principles

Relationship
Communication
Participation
Inclusion

WORKING PRINCIPLES: Relationship

Promote feeling of equality

Maintain harmony
Avoid conflict
Accept people as they are
Encourage personal,
cooperative relationship
Bee sensitive to peoples feeling

WORKING PRINCIPLES: Effective

communication

Listen attentively to people

Accept and act on what they say
Can be understood by everyone
Is truthful and sincere
Act in socially and culturally
appropriate way
Regularly advises others about
what is happening

WORKING PRINCIPLES: Participation

Enables significant levels of active
involvement
Enable people to perform significant
task
Provide support for people as they learn
to act for themselves
Encourage plan and activity that people
are able to accomplish themselves

WORKING PRINCIPLES: Inclusion

Maximizing the involvement of all

relevant individuals
Including all group affected
Including all relevant issues, social,
economic, cultural, political rather
than a focus on narrow
administrative or political agenda
Ensuring cooperation with other
group, agency, and organization
Ensuring that all relevant groups
benefit from activities

SOCIAL VALUES OF ACTION

RESEARCH

Democratic: enabling the

participation of all people
Equitable: acknowledging peoples
equality of worth
Liberating: providing freedom from
oppressive
Life enhancing: enabling the
expression of peoples full human
potential

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
Statements about the
participants willingness to
participate in a broadly defined
project: to cooperation with the
researcher and other
participants in the process
Participant agrees to contribute
toward planning, implementing,
evaluating the change

SETTING: LOOKING AT THE LAY OF

THE LAND

Purpose: familiarizing with

research context
Process:
1.Establish contract: introduce
yourself; inform people of interest
2.Identify key people: in leadership
position and opinion leaders;
communicate with key people

LOOKING AT THE LAY OF THE LAND:

process

3. Negotiate the researchers role:

establish role (facilitator, leader,
worker, etc); establish position
(within group, in which place, doing
what activities, with whom);
negotiate research agenda (issues
will be focus)
4. Build a preliminary picture of the
context: key people; institutions and
agencies; the history of the issue

STEPS
Studying a particular practice
setting to identify and describe
problems or areas needing change
Identifying possible solution to the
problem
Taking action to implement
solution in the problem setting
Evaluating process and outcome

ELEMENTS OF THE METHOD

Planning
Acting
Reflecting
Evaluating

PLANNING
Data generation: observation, interview
key player, keeping detailed diaries, field
note, document
Decide method of data generation: at least
3 different methods
Data generation technique: tape-recorded,
video recorder, note, photograph, slide
Analyze: quantitative and qualitative
Qualitative: constant comparative (unit of
data, unit of category, review and refine
category, themes in category,
development grounded theory

ACTING

The actual implementation of the new

idea or change
REFLECTING
Occur during implementation of action
Process of implementation and effect on
the key players: how the new practice
effects
Processes: diaries, team meeting, and
interview

EVALUATING
Occurs at the conclusion of the
implementation or at specified
intervals throughout the
implementation
Includes the data generated during
reflection
A study report including question for
further consideration: what is the
additional action is needed