Axial Deformation

Chapter 5
Lecture 1

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Axial Deformation
A structural member having a straight
longitudinal axis is said to undergo
axial deformation if, when loads are
applied to the member or it is
subjected to a temperature change:
1. The axis if the member remains
straight.
2. Cross section of the member remain
plane,
remain perpendicular to the axis,
and do not rotate about the axis as the
element deforms.

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Geometry of Deformation
Theory is restricted to
straight, slender members
with cross section that is
either constant or changes
slowly along the length of the
member.

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Kinematic Assumptions
1. The axis of the member remains

straight.
2. Cross sections, which are plane
and perpendicular to the axis
before deformation, remain plane
and perpendicular to the axis
after deformation.
3. Cross sections do not rotate.
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Axial Displacement
The distance that a cross
section moves in the axial
direction is called its axial
displacement. This
displacement is labeled u(x).

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Stress Resultants
F x dA
A

M y x zdA
A

M z x ydA
A

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Constant Normal Stress

F x x dA x A
A

M y x x zdA x z A x
A

M z x - x ydA - x y A x
A

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Constant Normal Stress

My x 0

Mz x 0

zdA

ydA

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Axial Stress

A
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Example

Part A of the bar has a 2-in diameter cross

section and part B has a 4-in diameter cross
section. Determine the normal stresses.
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P

A

4 kip

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2in

1.273ksi 1273psi

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8 kip

P

A

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4 in

0.637 ksi 637 psi

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8 kip

P

A

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4 in

0.637 ksi 637 psi

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Example

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Example

The members of the truss have equal

cross sectional areas A = 400 mm2 The
suspended mass is 3400 kg. Find the
stress in the members.
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Method of Joints

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Method of Joints

Convert mass
to weight!

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Method of Joints
Fx 0 PBC PBD cos
Fy 0 mg PBD sin
1

4
o
tan 26.6
8

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Method of Joints

PBC 2mg
PBD 2.24 mg

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Forces
Member:
BC
BD
CD
CE
DE
Axial Force 2 mg -2.24 mg -1.33 mg 2.40 mg -2 mg

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Stresses
m 3400 kg
m
g 9.81 2
s
A 400 10 6 m2
P

A
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Stresses
Member:
BC BD CD CE DE
Stress (Mpa) 167 -186 -111 200 -167

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A A cos cos 0
cos
2

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A A cos sin 0
cos sin
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Example

To test a glue, two plates are glued together as

shown. The bar is formed by the joined plates and
then subjected to a tensile load of 200 N. What are
the normal and shear stress on the glued joint?
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P
A
A 0.01m 0.05 m 0.0005 m 2

200 N

400, 000 Pa 400 kPa

2
0.0005 m
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 400, 000 Pa 400 kPa

40

cos 400, 000cos 40

2

235, 000 Pa 235 k

cos sin 400, 000cos40o sin40o
197, 000 Pa 197 kPa
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