CC608 BUILDING

SERVICES

CHAPTER 6

TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM IN HIGH
RISE BUILDINGS

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BUILDINGS

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Definition of high rise building :
A high-rise building is a structure whose architectural height is
between 35 and 100 meters.
A structure is automatically listed as a high-rise when it has a
minimum of 12 floors, whether or not the height is known.
If it has fewer than 40 floors and the height is unknown, it is also
classified automatically as a high-rise.

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Where is a cities have a
most high-rise buildings in
this worlds ??

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6.1
Understand
the
transportation
system in high rise building
6.1.1
Describe
the
function
of
transportation system in high rise
buildings.

Helping persons move around the building is the primary

function of the transportation infrastructure.

There are several difficult requirements that have to be

satisfied by any passenger transportation system, but
the first one is safety.

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Potential dangers to passengers in buildings involve
falling, crushing, getting trapped, and many other
possibilities.
People must be protected not only from equipment
malfunctions and other accidents with external causes,
but also from the unintended consequences of their own
actions, whether due to carelessness, or deliberate
misuse.

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6.1
Understand
the
transportation
system in high rise building
6.1.2
Show the parts in the
transportation system.

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Vertical
Transportati
on

1. Elevators (Lift)
2. Escalators

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Horizontal
Transportat
ion

1. Inclined Auto-Walk
2. Moving walkway

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6.1
Understand
the
transportation
system in high rise building
6.1.3
Explain the scope of building
transportation system.

minimum waiting time

comfortable acceleration

rapid transportation

smooth/rapid slowing

accurate leveling

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quick/quiet door operation

good visual travel direction/floor indicators

easily operated controls

comfortable lighting

reliable emergency equipment

smooth/safe operation of mechanical equipment

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6.2 Learn the concept of an escalator
6.2.1 State the functions of an
escalator.
Definition
A moving staircase for carrying people between floors of a building which
consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up
or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.
Most applications include department stores, airports, shopping malls,
convection centres, hotel and public buildings.
One of the largest, most expensive machines people use on a regular
basis, but also one of the simplest.

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Escalator

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Benefits

Have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be
placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase.
Have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic).
They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits
and may be weather proofed for outdoor use.
A non-functioning escalator can function as a normal staircase, whereas
many other conveyances become useless when they break down.
Escalator speed vary from 90 180 ft per minute, an escalator moving
145 per minute can carry more that 10,000 people in an hour.

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History
Began as an amusement and not for practical transport.
First patent awarded in 1859 for a steam generated unit, used as an
amusement ride in Coney Island.
Named Escalator by Charles Seeberger in 1897 by combining the latin
word for steps scala and elevator.
Charles Seeberger sold rights to Otis Elevator Company in 1902 which
is currently the dominant player in the industry.

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An escalator is a moving staircase a conveyor

transport device for carrying people between floors of a
building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of
individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks,
allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.

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Function
Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in
places where elevators would be impractical.
Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls,
airports, transit systems, convention centres, hotels, arenas,
stadiums and public buildings.

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6.2 Learn the concept of an escalator
6.2.2 Sketch the layout of an escalator.
Escalators have three typical configuration options:
Parallel (up and down escalators "side by side or separated by a distance",
seen often in metro stations and multilevel motion picture theatres),
Multiple parallel (two or more escalators together that travel in one direction
next to one or two escalators in the same bank that travel in the other
direction).
Crisscross (minimizes structural space requirements by "stacking"
escalators that go in one direction, frequently used in department stores or
shopping centres), and

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Parallel layout

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Multiple Parallel
layout

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Crisscross
layout

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6.2 Learn the concept of an escalator
6.2.3 Explain the safety procedures in
handling
escalators.
Basic
Operating Guidelines of Escalators
Regularly (at least monthly) apply a silicone friction reducer on
skirt panels.
Document any unusual noises or vibrations.
Remove any debris
Monitor for broken comb teeth

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Always remove the start-up key from the on direction.
If an escalator or moving walkway makes an automatic
emergency stop, perform a detailed equipment check before
returning to operation.
Do no permit overloading of passengers or freight.
Do not permit the use of an inoperative escalator as a stairway.

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Escalator components in the figure are as
follows:
a : Handrail
b : Tersiioning Pulley
c : Handrail Pulley
d : Returning Stairs
e : Continuous Chain
f : Drive Wheel
g : Front Wheel
h : Back Wheel
i : Outer Rail
j : Inner Rail

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EXERCISE 6.1
Namely the escalator components in the figure below.

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6.3 Know the basic concept of a lift
6.3.1 State the functions of a lift
(Elevator).

The elevator (or lift in the Commonwealth excluding

Canada) is a type of vertical transport equipment that
efficiently moves people or goods between floors
(levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other structure.

Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that

either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like
a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical
piston like a jack.

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Elevators used for :
Passenger
Freight
Special service

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6.3 Know the basic concept of a lift
6.3.2 Illustrate the layout of a lift.

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Types of Elevators
1. Traction
gearless medium-high speed passenger
geared low speed passenger

2. Hydraulic
plunger
hole-less
roped

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Passenger Elevator Components

Traction Elevator

car
cables
elevator machine
controls
counterweight
hoistway
rails
penthouse
pit

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Machine room
8-6 minimum clear

Bottom of Beam
(OH)
17-6 206

Travel
number of floors

Pit (P)
10-1 11-5

Traction Elevator
Controller

Machine

Door Operator

Governor

Car Frame &

Safety

Guide Rails
Counterweight

Hoistway Door
Buffers

Traction Elevator
Rise Limitations: ~ 300 feet (Geared)
~ unlimited (Gearless)
Cost: $150,000 - $200,000 (Geared)
$200,000 + (Gearless)
Speeds: 350 - 500 fpm (Geared)
500 - 1800+ (Gearless)
Advantages of Gearless:
smoother
approx. twice machine life

Traction Elevator

Traction Elevator

Traction Elevator

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Hydraulic Elevator

car
plunger/piston/jack
elevator machine
controls
hoistway
rails
penthouse/headway
pit

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Machine room
7-9 minimum clear

Bottom of Beam (OH)

12-0 123

Pit (P)/Plunger
4-0
Travel +2-6

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Hydraulic Elevator

Hydraulic Elevator
(holed)
Guide Rails
Door
Operator

Plunger &
Cylinder
Controller &
Pumping Unit

Hoistway
Door

To & From Oil Pipe

Hydraulic Elevator
(holed)
Rise Limitations: ~ 60 feet
Cost: $35 - $85K
Speeds: 100/125/150 fpm
Advantages:
low cost
no penthouse
no structural load on building

Disadvantages
slow
energy inefficient

Hydraulic Elevator
(holeless)
Door
Operator

Guide Rails

Plungers &
Cylinders
Hoistway
Door

Controller &
Pumping Unit
To & From Oil Pipe

Hydraulic Elevator
(holeless)
Rise Limitations: 20 feet
Cost: $35 - $45K
Speeds: 100/125 fpm
Advantages:
no well hole
minimizes environmental contamination

Disadvantages:
limited travel

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Elevator Selection
1. Building Height
elevator type
2. Customer Expectations (Service Time)
Speed
Capacity
quantity
3. Space Limitations
4. Optional approaches
sky lobbies
double deck

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6.4 Learn safety procedures and best
practices in handling escalators and
lift
6.4.1 Relate safety procedures during
repair works or maintenance.

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EXERCISE 6.2 :
Please discuss in group what is the
safety procedures during repair works or
maintenance of escalator and lift.

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6.4 Learn safety procedures and best
practices in handling escalators and
lift
6.4.2 Adapt best practices in handling
escalators and lift.
Of these 120 billion rides, a small percent result in serious accidents. About
20,000 accidents require emergency room treatment each year.*

Most of these accidents could have been prevented by the use of basic
safety precautions. Some basic safety precautions that you can use to
protect yourself when riding an elevator or escalator.
* Data from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

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Avoid riding escalators if you are wearing soft-sided flexible clogs or
slides. Never ride barefoot.
Make sure your shoes are tied before riding.
Check the direction that the escalator stairs are moving.
Dont ride the escalator if you are using crutches or a cane.
Never take a walker, stroller, wheelchair, or cart on an escalator (take
the elevator).
Dont carry large packages, bags, or rolling luggage onto an escalator.
Stand in the middle of the escalator step; do not lean against the side .

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Face forward and hold the handrail; keep loose clothing clear of steps
and sides.
Children should always ride with an adult.
If you wear bifocals, take extra care stepping on and off the escalator
(or use an elevator).
Locate escalator emergency shut-off buttons in case you need to stop
the escalator.
Dont ride the escalator if you are feeling dizzy or have problems
keeping your balance; take the elevator instead.

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Dont try to stop the elevator doors from closing. Never stick your hands, feet, or a
cane between closing doors; wait for the next elevator or push the Door Open
button if you are inside the elevator.
Watch your step as you enter or exit the elevator; step carefully over the threshold.
When riding the elevator, stand away from the doors and hold the handrail.
Keep track of the floor indications so that you arent taken by surprise when you
reach your destination.
Take the stairs if there is a fire in the building.
Exit immediately at your floor; do not wait for others behind you.
Do not exit an elevator that has not stopped normally; wait for help to arrive.

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6.4 Learn safety procedures and best
practices in handling escalators and
lift
6.4.3 Follow all the relevant rules by the
local authority.
EXERCISE
6.3 :
Define all the relevant rules by the local
authority.
-BOMBA
-MAJLIS PERBANDARAN

THANK
YOU