Thehuman brainis the command

center for thehumannervous

system. It receives input from the
sensory organs and sends output to
the muscles. Thehuman brainhas
the same basic structure as other
mammalbrains, but is larger in
relation to body size than any other
brains.

 Thehuman brainis the main organ of the

humannervous system. It is located in thehead,
protected by theskull. It has the same general
structure as the brains of othermammals, but with a
more developedcerebral cortex. Large animals such
as whales and elephants have larger brains in
absolute terms, but when measured using ameasure
of relative brain size, which compensates for body
size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice
as large as that of abottlenose dolphin, and three
times as large as that of achimpanzee. Much of the
size of the human brain comes from the cerebral
cortex, especially thefrontal lobes, which are
associated withexecutive functionssuch as selfcontrol, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought.
The area of the cerebral cortex devoted tovision,
thevisual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans
compared to other animals.

 The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer ofneural

tissuethat covers most of the brain. This layer is
folded in a way that increases the amount of surface
that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of
folds is similar across individuals, although there are
many small variations. The cortex is divided into
fourlobes thefrontal lobe,parietal lobe,temporal
lobe, andoccipital lobe. (Some classification systems
also include alimbic lobeand treat theinsular
cortexas a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous
cortical areas, each associated with a particular
function, including vision,motor control,
andlanguage. The left and right sides of the cortex
are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas
are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though,
show stronglateralization, particularly areas that are
involved in language. In most people, the left
hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right
hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other
functions, such asvisual-spatial ability, for which the
right hemisphere is usually dominant.

 Despite being protected by the thick bones

of the skull, suspended incerebrospinal
fluid, and isolated from thebloodstreamby
the bloodbrain barrier, the human brain is
susceptible to damage and disease. The
most common forms of physical damage
areclosed head injuriessuch as a blow to
thehead, astroke, or poisoning by a
variety of chemicals which can act
asneurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol.
Infection of the brain, though serious, is
rare because of the biological barriers
which protect it. The human brain is also
susceptible todegenerative disorders, such
asParkinson's disease,

 There are some techniques for studying the brain

that are used in other animals that are just not
suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier
to obtain individual brain cells taken from other
animals, forstudy. It is also possible to use invasive
techniques in other animals such as inserting
electrodes into the brain or disabling certain parts of
the brain in order to examine the effects on behavior
techniques that are not possible to be used in
humans. However, only humans can respond to
complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study
of important brain functions such as language and
other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from
humans and from other animals, can be of mutual
help.Medical imagingtechnologies such asfunctional
neuroimagingand EEGrecordings are important
techniques in studying the brain. The complete
functional understanding of the human brain is an
ongoing challenge forneuroscience.

Facts About The Human

Brain
The human brain is the largest brain of all
vertebrates relative to body size
It weighs about 3.3 pounds (1.5 kilograms)
The brain makes up about 2 percent of a
human's body weight
The cerebrum makes up 85 percent of the
brain's weight
It contains about 86 billion nerve cells (neurons),
the "gray matter"
It contains billions of nerve fibers (axons and
dendrites), the "white matter"
These neurons are connected by trillions of
connections, or synapses

Anatomy Of The
Human Brain

The largest part of the human brain is the

cerebrum, which is divided into two hemispheres.
Underneath lies the brainstem, and behind that sits
the cerebellum. The outermost layer of the
cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which consists of
four lobes: the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the
temporal lobe and the occipital lobe. [Related:
Nervous System: Facts, Functions & Diseases]
Like all vertebrate brains, the human brain
develops from three sections known as the
forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Each of these
contains fluid-filled cavities called ventricles. The
forebrain develops into the cerebrum and
underlying structures; the midbrain becomes part
of the brainstem; and the hindbrain gives rise to
regions of the brainstem and the cerebellum.

Human Brain
Diagrams

Working of Brain

Thanks
Prepared by

Anjali

(Natural Science)